Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA on Small-Ruminant Farms during a Q Fever Outbreak in the Netherlands

Bruin, Arnout de; Plaats, Rozemarijn Q. J. van der; Heer, Lianne de; Paauwe, R.; Schimmer, Barbara; Vellema, P.; Rotterdam, Bart J. van; Duynhoven, Y. T. H. P. Van

doi:10.1128/aem.07323-11

Cited by 56 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is not clear whether air sampling would detect such low levels of C. burnetii DNA even on farms with no recent history of C. burnetii contamination. A recent study from the Netherlands did compare aerosol samples from farms with known Q fever abortion waves to samples from farms without a Q fever history and found a higher percentage of positive samples on the farms with Q fever history (13). However, 66.7% of samples from farms with no Q fever history were positive, and the differences between infected and noninfected farms were not statistically significant (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study from the Netherlands did compare aerosol samples from farms with known Q fever abortion waves to samples from farms without a Q fever history and found a higher percentage of positive samples on the farms with Q fever history (13). However, 66.7% of samples from farms with no Q fever history were positive, and the differences between infected and noninfected farms were not statistically significant (13). The data suggest that low levels of aerosols containing detectable amounts of C. burnetii DNA may be common on any farm environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of the SCV can theoretically result in a viable organism remaining in the environment for years after it is shed from infected animals. However, there are very few quantitative data available describing the contamination of the environment with C. burnetii by infected animals (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Presence and Persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the Environments of Goat Farms Associated with a Q Fever Outbreak

Kersh

Fitzpatrick

Self

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

128

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by inhalation of the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Ruminant livestock are common reservoirs for C. burnetii, and bacteria present in aerosols derived from the waste of infected animals can infect humans. The significance of infection from material deposited in the environment versus transmission directly from infected animals is not known. In 2011, an outbreak of Q fever cases on farms in Washington and Montana was associated with infected goats. A study was undertaken to investigate the quantity and spatial distribution of C. burnetii in the environment of these goat farms. Soil, vacuum, and sponge samples collected on seven farms epidemiologically linked to the outbreak were tested for the presence of C. burnetii DNA by quantitative PCR. Overall, 70.1% of the samples were positive for C. burnetii. All farms had positive samples, but the quantity of C. burnetii varied widely between samples and between farms. High quantities of C. burnetii DNA were in goat housing/birthing areas, and only small quantities were found in samples collected more than 50 m from these areas. Follow-up sampling at one of the farms 1 year after the outbreak found small quantities of C. burnetii DNA in air samples and large quantities of C. burnetii persisting in soil and vacuum samples. The results suggest that the highest concentrations of environmental C. burnetii are found in goat birthing areas and that contamination of other areas is mostly associated with human movement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence and Persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the Environments of Goat Farms Associated with a Q Fever Outbreak

Kersh

Fitzpatrick

Self

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…for the infection of livestock, which can ultimately lead to infections in humans (de Bruin et al, 2012). As mentioned, Coxiella bacteria can infect many types of animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Coxiella-like endosymbiont in Haemaphysalis tick in Thailand

Arthan

Sumrandee

Hirunkanokpun

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…7 During a Q fever outbreak in 2009 in the Netherlands, De Bruin and others found high levels of C. burnetii DNA in environmental samples from bulk milkpositive farms, and 73% of these farms had a recent history of human infections with Q fever. 8 Nevertheless, experiments involving human volunteers who consumed raw milk have generated contradictory results, and serologic analysis showed that persons who consumed raw milk had higher rates of Q fever than persons in control groups. 9 Conversely, Krumbiegel and Wisniewski did not observe serologic conversion or clinical illness in a group of 34 human volunteers who consumed infected raw milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii DNA, But Not Viable Bacteria, in Dairy Products in France

Eldin

Angelakis

Renvoisé

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Transmission by the oral route of Coxiella burnetii is controversial. Our objective was to evaluate dairy products in the transmission of Q fever. Pasteurized, unpasteurized, and thermized dairy products were tested for C. burnetii by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific for IS1111 and IS30A spacers, culturing in human embryonic lung fibroblasts cells, and inoculation into BALB/c mice. We tested 201 products and C. burnetii was identified in 64%. Cow milk origin products were more frequently positive than goat or ewe products (P = 0.006 and P = 0.0001, respectively), and industrial food was more frequently positive than artisanal food (P 0.0001). Food made from unpasteurized milk contained higher bacteria concentrations than food made from pasteurized milk (P = 0.02). All cultures were negative and mice did not show signs of illness. Farm animals are highly infected in France but consumption of cheese and yogurt does not seem to pose a public health risk for transmission of Q fever.

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Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA on Small-Ruminant Farms during a Q Fever Outbreak in the Netherlands

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Presence and Persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the Environments of Goat Farms Associated with a Q Fever Outbreak

Presence and Persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the Environments of Goat Farms Associated with a Q Fever Outbreak

Detection of Coxiella-like endosymbiont in Haemaphysalis tick in Thailand

Coxiella burnetii DNA, But Not Viable Bacteria, in Dairy Products in France

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