Detection of channel catfish virus DNA in latently infected catfish.

Detection and application of circular (concatemeric) DNA as an indicator of koi herpesvirus infection

“…On the other hand, the DR-PCR method developed in this study is useful for determining whether the host is infected by the virus. In the case of CCV, 'endless' DNA was detected from latently infected fish by PCR assay (Gray et al 1999). We also confirmed that the circular or concatemeric DNA was detectable in fish surviving KHV infection by DR-PCR, although the mRNA was not detected by the RT-PCR (unpublished data).…”

“…On the other hand, the DR junction of CCV contained 11 to 17 bp of the right terminus of UL sequences following the DR R region (Gray et al 1999). While previous studies attributed the existence of nucleotides between DR regions to PCR artifacts (Thomson et al 1994, Gompels & Macaulay 1995, Gray et al 1999, our sequence analysis of the DR-PCR amplicon in the timecourse experiment showed that the same nucleotide sequences were present in all of the sequenced samples (data not shown). Further investigation is therefore necessary to examine the configuration of the DR junction of KHV.…”

“…In the case of HHV-6 which has a 10 kbp DR L and DR R region at the end of each genome terminus , the DR junction was sequenced using a PCR product, and aberrant junction sequences due to several nucleotide insertions or deletions were observed (Thomson et al 1994, Gompels & Macaulay 1995. On the other hand, the DR junction of CCV contained 11 to 17 bp of the right terminus of UL sequences following the DR R region (Gray et al 1999). While previous studies attributed the existence of nucleotides between DR regions to PCR artifacts (Thomson et al 1994, Gompels & Macaulay 1995, Gray et al 1999, our sequence analysis of the DR-PCR amplicon in the timecourse experiment showed that the same nucleotide sequences were present in all of the sequenced samples (data not shown).…”

“…CCV has 18.5 kbp DR L and DR R regions at each of the genome termini, and the intracellular genome has an 'endless' (circular or concatemer) configuration in acutely infected brown bullhead cells (Cebrian et al 1983). Gray et al (1999) designed a PCR primer set spanning the DR R -to-DR L junction in order to detect the presence of this circular or concatemeric DNA and verified latent infection of catfish by CCV. These studies demonstrated that KHV also forms circular or concatemeric DNA during the infection stage in the host and that the ABSTRACT: Herpesviruses form a long continuous DNA molecule, or head-to-tail concatemer, as a replicating intermediate in the host.…”

Phylogenetic relationships in the family Alloherpesviridae

“…The best evidence comes from studies of the Lucké tumor, in which RaHV1 nucleic acid and proteins have been demonstrated in non-infectious, virus-free tumor tissue that, upon temperature manipulation, can yield infectious virus (Biggs 1972, Naegele & Granoff 1980, Tweedell 1989. Moreover, evidence for a long-term carrier state, which may or may not involve latency, has been described in several fish HVs, including IcHV1 (Wise et al 1985, Boyle & Blackwell 1991, Baek & Boyle 1996, Gray et al 1999, Thompson et al 2005 Members of the family Alloherpesviridae often induce proliferative epithelial lesions in their respective hosts. HV particles have been observed by electron microscopy and on occasion isolated from neoplastic or hyperplastic epithelial lesions in salmonid, cyprinid, anguillid, osmerid, esocid, silurid, percid, pleuronectid, and acipenserid fishes (Hedrick et al 1991, Anders & Yoshimizu 1994, Watson et al 1995.…”