Detection of Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus in Fish Droppings

Dishon, Arnon; Perelberg, Ayana; Bishara-Shieban, Janette; Ilouze, Maya; Davidovich, Maya; Werker, Shlomit; Kotler, Moshe

doi:10.1128/aem.71.11.7285-7291.2005

Cited by 81 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, spring would be the most favorable season for CyHV-3 to multiply in carp tissue and spread throughout the host population. Dishon et al (2005) demonstrated experimentally that infectious CyHV-3 is excreted in the feces by infected hosts. We also detected the CyHV-3 genome in the intestinal contents of common carp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As fishes are cold blooded, seasonal changes in water temperature are expected to greatly affect CyHV-3 activity in the host. Experiments in aquaria have shown that CyHV-3 is transmitted horizontally from infected to naive hosts through contaminated water (Perelberg et al, 2003;Costes et al, 2009) and that CyHV-3 is discharged from infected hosts through feces (Dishon et al, 2005). A field survey in Lake Biwa revealed that CyHV-3 DNA was detectable in water 5 years after the initial CyHV-3 outbreak (Minamoto et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to wildlife populations. To enhance our understanding of the dynamics of these diseases, we investigated how host reproductive behavior and seasonal temperature variation drive transmission of infections among wild hosts, using the model system of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) disease in common carp. Our main findings were as follows: (1) a seroprevalence survey showed that CyHV-3 infection occurred mostly in adult hosts, (2) a quantitative assay for CyHV-3 in a host population demonstrated that CyHV-3 was most abundant in the spring when host reproduction occurred and water temperature increased simultaneously and (3) an analysis of the dynamics of CyHV-3 in water revealed that CyHV-3 concentration increased markedly in breeding habitats during host group mating. These results indicate that breeding habitats can become hot spots for transmission of infectious diseases if hosts aggregate for mating and the activation of pathogens occurs during the host breeding season.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PCR primers targeting DNA polymerase gene and the major envelope protein gene of KHV have a sensitivity of 100 femtogram (fg) and 1,000 fg of KHV DNA, respectively in infected gills [41]. KHV can be detected in infected fish dropping by PCR assay with a detection limit of 40 fg of viral DNA [16]. MCP gene has been also used to develop PCR for detection of KHV [68].…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of Viral Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, cross-reactivity with related cyprinid herpes virus or non-viral protein is a potential problem with immunostaining. ELISA is also useful in detection of KHV antigen from infected tissues or fish droppings [1,16]. Detection of specific antibodies in serum by ELISA is an indirect method for diagnosis of KHV.…”

Section: Detection Of Khv Antigen/antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koi Herpes Virus: A Review and Risk Assessment of Indian Aquaculture

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish for human consumption, while koi carp, is a farmed colored sub species of common carp used for ornamental purposes. Since 1998, both common carp and koi carp are severely affected by a viral disease called as Koi herpes virus disease (KHVD). This disease is caused by Koi herpes virus (KHV), also known as cyprinid herpes virus-3. The virus causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis in carps, so it is also termed as carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus. KHV is a double stranded icosahedral DNA virus belonging to family Alloherpesviridae, with a genome size of 295 kbp, larger than any member of Herpesviridae. The viral genome encodes 156 potential protein coding open reading frames. Each virion consists of forty structural proteins, which are classified as capsid (3), envelope (13), tegument (2) and unclassified (22) structural proteins. Diagnosis of KHVD is mainly based on detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification using specific primers or loop mediated isothermal amplification. Temperature dependent latent infection is unique to KHV; and carrier fish are often not detected, thereby possibly resulting in spread of this pathogen to newer areas. The disease is now known to occur in, or has been recorded from at least 26 different countries of the world. Fortunately, KHVD has not been reported from India or from Indian major carps. To monitor the disease status of the country, a total of 254 fish samples collected from different parts of India were screened by PCR for the presence of KHV. None of the tested samples were found to be positive for KHV. These results demonstrate that tested samples from different parts of India were apparently free from KHV. Preliminary risk assessment of KHV suggest that in the event of unrestricted importation of koi carps into our country, there is a higher probability of risk to aquaculture as compared to natural waters. So there is strong need to develop diagnostic capabilities and launch surveillance programmes for KHV in India.

show abstract

“…Histological examinations show necrotic gills, fusion of lamellae due to hyperplasia of respiration epithelium and even haemorrhagic patches on the tips of lamellae (Hedrick et al 2000;Mohi El-Din 2011). The virus is present mainly in the intestine and kidney, but also in droppings of infected fish (Dishon et al 2005). Moreover, Eide et al (2011) detected KHV DNA in the brain, eye, spleen, gills and in the haematopoietic (anterior) kidney.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Susceptibility of stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and hybrids between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3

Pospichal¹,

Piačková²,

Pokorová³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 also known as koi herpesvirus is a causative agent of highly contagious disease (koi herpesvirus disease) and can cause significant losses in fish stocks. The disease is restricted to koi and common carp, but recent investigations have shown that other cyprinids as well as non-cyprinid species are asymptomatically susceptible to this virus and can play either a role as a potential carrier or can contribute to biological conservation of this virus. The susceptibility of two non-target species, stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and sterbel -a hybrid between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 was tested by means of their co-habitation together with naïve koi and intraperitoneally KHV-infected koi (primary challenge). On the 15 th day post-infection (dpi), a secondary challenge was started (a portion of the surviving stone loach and sterbel were transferred to tanks with other naïve koi). All dead as well as surviving fish were investigated for the presence of KHV DNA in pooled samples of tissue from individual fish by nested PCR. Sampling for PCR from surviving fish was performed on the 15 th dpi and on the 30 th dpi of the primary challenge, and on the 30 th dpi of the secondary challenge. During the primary challenge (up to the 30 th dpi), average cumulative mortality in duplicated experimental groups was as follows: koi 100%, sterbel and stone loach both 5%. In the primary challenge, no surviving stone loach or sterbel sampled on the 15 th dpi or those that died previously were found to be positive for viral DNA. Results of PCR revealed the presence of KHV DNA in 95% of co-habited naïve koi samples. PCR analysis of tissues taken from surviving fish on the 30 th dpi revealed the presence of viral DNA in 77.8% (7/9) of stone loach and in 22.2% (2/9) of sterbel. Cumulative mortality of fish in the secondary challenge was 100% for stone loach and for koi co-habitating with them, and 50% for koi co-habitating with sterbel, which all survived. Despite the high mortality of koi and stone loach in the secondary challenge (probably caused by malfunction of biofilters or bacterial infection), none of them, nor any of the sturgeon hybrids were considered to be positive for KHV DNA. In summary, the hybrid between sterlet and beluga and the stone loach seemed to be susceptible to cyprinid herpesvirus 3, but we could not prove that they can transfer this virus to naïve koi.Keywords: CyHV-3; KHV; transmission; cohabitation List of abbreviationsCyHV-3 = cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CEFAS = Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, dpi = days post infection, KHV = koi herpesvirus, PCR = polymerase chain reaction

show abstract

Detection of Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus in Fish Droppings

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles

Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles

Koi Herpes Virus: A Review and Risk Assessment of Indian Aquaculture

Susceptibility of stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and hybrids between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About