Detection of carcinoma micrometastases in bone marrow of dogs and cats using conventional and cell block cytology

Abstract

This study demonstrates that cell block cytology is a practical and useful method for bone marrow evaluation and is suitable for cytokeratin immunocytochemical analysis.

Primary bronchial carcinoma associated with bone marrow metastasis and paraneoplastic monoclonal gammopathy in a cat

“…8 Bone marrow micrometastases from canine and feline carcinomas have been demonstrated in one prospective study. 9 In 30 dogs and four cats with various types of carcinoma, bone marrow micrometastases were found in two dogs with advanced disease. As bone marrow cytology is not included in routine staging in veterinary patients with epithelial tumours, 9 the prevalence of carcinomatous metastases in bone marrow may be underestimated in veterinary medicine.…”

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

“…The goal of this study was to evaluate the CB in the interpretation of aspirate samples from canine patients with PLN and in the immunophenotyping of lymphoma. While a number of CB techniques have been described in the veterinary literature, owing to its ease of use, affordability, and use in previous publications, we used the Shandon Cytoblock kit in this study …”

“…Similar to FNAB‐C, CB samples are obtained by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, but are concentrated, fixed and embedded in paraffin. Identical to traditional surgical biopsy samples, sections are trimmed from the CB paraffin block and stained according to diagnostic need (eg, hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] or IHC) . Proposed advantages of the CB as documented in human studies include: (a) the preservation of tissue architecture, (b) sample archivability owing to paraffin embedding, (c) the suitability of samples for cytochemical and immunohistochemical staining, (d) a reduced need for excisional biopsy and (e) advantages in the detection of certain malignancies, including lymphoma .…”

“…Proposed advantages of the CB as documented in human studies include: (a) the preservation of tissue architecture, (b) sample archivability owing to paraffin embedding, (c) the suitability of samples for cytochemical and immunohistochemical staining, (d) a reduced need for excisional biopsy and (e) advantages in the detection of certain malignancies, including lymphoma . Limited studies on the CB or CB‐like techniques in veterinary medicine have demonstrated its utility in the evaluation of lymphoid tissues and in the detection of fungal osteomyelitis, leishmaniasis, mesothelioma and bone marrow carcinoma micrometastasis . While all veterinary publications describing the CB testify to its ease of use, only one has evaluated its utility in the evaluation of the canine reactive and lymphomatous lymph node and in the diagnosis of lymphoma.…”

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

“…Cell blocks are processed similarly to surgical pathology specimens, so IHC methods can be used without adaptive modifications (Dupré and Courtade-Saidi, 2012). Micro-metastasis from carcinomas to the bone marrow in dogs and cats has been demonstrated recently using a cell block method of aspirate material stained with antibodies to CKAE1/AE3 and CK7 (Taylor et al, 2013). In addition, multiple sections can be produced from a single block, so multiple markers can be evaluated in the same cell population (Dupré and Courtade-Saidi, 2012;Varsegi and Shidham, 2009).…”