Detection of Cadmium Ion in Potable Water Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Abstract

The presence of heavy metal e.g. cadmium in potable water is one of the major threats on our health. It should be detected and removed from potable water before consumption. The maximum permissible concentration of cadmium ion in drinking water lies in the range of 2–10 ppb. The consumption of excessive cadmium through potable water can lead to cancer, and can affect the organs like kidney and lungs severely. In this article, we report the development of a piezoelectric based sensor for the detection of cadmium ion in water. A functional layer of nanocomposite of single walled carbon nanotubes and beewax was deposited by spin coating technique onto 5 MHz AT‐cut quartz crystal wafers and the shift in resonance due to physioadsorption of cadmium from water medium was recorded. We find a very stable linear response curve with the lowest detectable concentration of 5.2 ppb. The change in the morphology of the functional layer before and after adsorption of cadmium is studied using atomic force microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. The presence of calcium ion in water medium affected the response curves of cadmium sensing. We found a systematic variation in sensitivity towards Cd ion due to the presence of Ca ion in water medium.

Colorimetric Detection Of Cadmium(II) Using Glutathione-Capped Gold Nanoparticles

“…Excess levels of Cd 2+ have been found by the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in Marilao River, Bocaue River and Meycauyan River in Bulacan where electroplating and metal recycling plants are found along the banks of these rivers [8,9]. Currently, a number of analytical techniques have been applied to determine Cd 2+ in different biological and environmental samples including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [10,11], quartz crystal microbalance [12,13], and electrochemical sensing [14][15][16][17]. AAS-based methods are sensitive and rapid but commonly suffer from interferences due to particles and nonspecific absorption that causes light scattering [18].…”

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“…Excess levels of Cd 2+ have been found by the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in Marilao River, Bocaue River and Meycauyan River in Bulacan where electroplating and metal recycling plants are found along the banks of these rivers [8,9]. Currently, a number of analytical techniques have been applied to determine Cd 2+ in different biological and environmental samples including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [10,11], quartz crystal microbalance [12,13], and electrochemical sensing [14][15][16][17]. AAS-based methods are sensitive and rapid but commonly suffer from interferences due to particles and nonspecific absorption that causes light scattering [18].…”