Detection of buffalo milk adulteration with cow milk by capillary electrophoresis analysis

Abstract

The addition of cow milk during the production of buffalo mozzarella is a common fraud in dairy industries because of the lower price and greater availability of cow milk throughout the year. The aim of this study was to develop a new, rapid, and robust capillary electrophoresis method for detecting and quantifying cow milk in buffalo milk by exploiting cow α-lactalbumin as a marker of adulteration. In particular, a linear calibration curve was generated, using a training set of calibrators consisting of 7 series of 17 buffalo/bovine whey mixtures, obtained after casein precipitation, with increasing percentages of cow whey. The capillary electrophoresis method showed high linearity (R 2 = 0.968), repeatability [relative standard deviation (RSD) = 2.11, 3.02, 4.38, and 1.18%, respectively for 5, 10, 20, and 50% of buffalo/bovine whey mixtures], and intermediate precision (RSD = 2.18, 2.49, 5.09, and 3.19%, respectively, for 5, 10, 20, and 50% buffalo/bovine whey mixtures). Moreover, the minimum amount of detectable fraudulent cow milk was 1%, and the limit of quantification was 3.1%.

A New Acoustic-Based Approach for Assessing Induced Adulteration in Bovine Milk

“…•100% (10) According to Figure 3, considering the frequency content attenuation of 1 dB, 2 dB and 3 dB, represented by points "A" (0.06, −54.47) (attenuation of 1 dB in the frequency response of the sensor), "B" (0.08, −55.47) (attenuation of 2 dB in the frequency response of the sensor), and "C" (0.11, −56.47) (attenuation of 2 dB in the frequency response of the sensor). In relation to the first point of the PSD, which is 53.47 dB, it can verified that the sensitivity of the piezoelectric diaphragm dropped 1.87% until 60 kHz, 3.74% until 80 kHz and, 5.6% until 110 kHz.…”

“…In order to verify the degree of adulteration to guaranty health safety, numerous approaches such as: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry [ 8 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 9 ], electrical impedance [ 6 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 10 ], optical sensors [ 11 , 12 ], scanners, freezing point instruments, etc., have been proposed for milk inspection. Also, parameters such as density, pH, microbial inhibitors, etc.…”

Technical note: Capillary electrophoresis as a rapid test for the quantification of immunoglobulin G in serum of newborn lambs

“…The most common application of CE is the detection of the monoclonal component (i.e., Ig) present in the gamma globulin fraction (Henskens et al, 1998;Miyazaki and Suzuki, 2016). Moreover, CE can be used for colostrum quality assessment (Lopreiato et al, 2017) and milk adulteration for species substitution determination (Trimboli et al, 2017(Trimboli et al, , 2019. These features make CE an attractive tool that is useful in livestock, particularly in sheep breeding, and monitoring FPTI in lambs.…”

Fast Verification of Buffalo’s Milk Authenticity by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy, Analytical Measurements and Multivariate Calibration

“…The reproductive seasonality of the buffalo species associated with the high price of buffalo's milk when compared to cow's milk are the main factors responsible for the common occurrence of adulteration by partial addition of buffalo's milk. 1 For that, ensuring the authenticity of buffalo's milk in order to minimize this economic fraud is a concern for regulatory agencies, research laboratories and industries, in which researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] have demonstrated the importance of development and/or adaptation of analytical methods for detections and quantifications of the type of milk present in the samples evaluated.…”