Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea in Lower Austria and Styria (Austria)

Haschek, B.; Klein, D.; Benetka, V.; Herrera, Carlos M.; Sommerfeld-Stur, I.; Vilček, Štefan; Moestl, K.; Baumgartner, Walter

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00936.x

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As described by Haschek et al (2006), the most frequently detected enteropathogen was bovine coronavirus (25.7% positive). With the second highest prevalence pathogenic E. coli could be found in 39 out of the 230 (17%) of all examined samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No Salmonella species were detected in any of the analysed samples (Haschek et al, 2006). Considering the prevalence in diarrhoeic calves in this study bovine coronavirus was the most common pathogen (40%), followed by Cryptosporidia (25.6%), group A rotavirus (21.1%), E. coli (18.9%) and Clostridium perfringens (10%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faecal samples were tested for the presence of group A rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and bovine torovirus-specific nucleic acids by RT-PCR (Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction). Methods and results were described by Haschek et al (2006). Parasitological examination.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the organism did not appear to be pathogenic in older calves and adults (Kang et al, 2004;Irino et al, 2005). This paper describes the variety of bacteria found in neonatal diarrhoeic calves, and determines the presence of most of the known virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from healthy and diarrhoeic calves that were examined in the course of a survey carried out in Lower Austria and Styria (Austria) using diagnostic techniques designed primarily to detect the principal enteropathogens (Haschek et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

Herrera-Luna¹,

Klein²,

Lapan³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Faecal samples from 230 diarrhoeic and healthy calves aged 0-6 weeks, from 100 farms in Austria, were examined between October 2004 and February 2005 for the presence of bacteria, especially Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), viruses and parasites. Escherichia coli was detected in 17% of all the faecal samples and was more prevalent in healthy calves. However, E. coli F5 was identified only in one calf without diarrhoea. Overall, 35 out of the 230 (15.2%) samples analyzed carried the Shiga toxin gene: stx1, stx2 or both stx1 and stx2 in their faeces, STEC. Nevertheless, out of 39 pathogenic E. coli positive samples observed, only two carried the Shiga toxin genes: stx1, in a diarrhoeic calf and both stx1 and stx2 in a healthy calf. eaeA and Ehly genes were detected more frequently in the strains from diarrhoeic calves 57.1% and 50.0%, respectively. Clostridium perfringens was detected in twenty-one samples, the most prevalent toxin type of Clostridium perfringens was found to be type A (76.2%). Other bacteria such as Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. were present in 1.3% and 0.4% of all samples. Salmonella spp. was not detected. The detection rates of other enteropathogens were 25.7% bovine coronavirus, 11.7% Cryptosporidium spp., 10.4% Eimeria spp., 9.1% group A rotavirus and Giardia spp. 6.1%. We demonstrated the presence of the STEC virulence genes in healthy and diarrhoeic Austrian calves but the importance of the virulence factors of STEC (stx1, stx2, eae and Ehly) in calf diarrhoea and systemic disease is not well defined. Therefore, further studies are necessary to identify reservoirs or potential sources of virulent STEC strains in order to establish control and prevention strategies for STEC associated diseases in animals and humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

Herrera-Luna¹,

Klein²,

Lapan³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

Self Cite

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“…Diarrhea is a major health problem in calves (SIVULA et al, 1996) because it can cause delayed growth, mortality, older age at first calving and, consequently, direct and/or indirect economic losses (DE GRAAF et al, 1999;HASCHEK et al, 2006;TZIPORI, 1981). In addition to the economic losses, risks for public health should be considered, due to the zoonotic characteristics of some causal agents and the residues of antibiotics and other drugs used for their control (FRANK;KANEENE, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Fagundes

Vidal

Alves³

et al. 2016

SCA

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This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old.

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Prevalence of Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in German Cattle Herds and Factors Influencing Oocyst Excretion

et al. 2011

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The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of the pathogenic coccidia species E. bovis and E. zuernii in shed-reared animals in German dairy and fattening facilities.Samples were obtained from 65 cattle farms distributed randomly across all the regions of Germany, regardless of the occurrence of clinical problems. The samples were obtained rectally. Faecal consistency and the total number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were determined for Eimeria spp., along with the separate OPG values for Eimeria (E.) bovis and E. zuernii. A questionnaire was completed for each farm to record information about herd size and management together with individual animal data. Eimeria oocysts, regardless of the kind of Eimeria spp., were detected in 62 of these farms, which gives a prevalence of 95.4 %. The farm prevalence of the pathogenic species was 76.9 % for E. bovis and 83.1 % for E. zuernii. The average oocyst excretion level was 2,950 OPG in terms of total Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion, 700 OPG for E. bovis and 1,500 OPG for E. zuernii.The number of oocysts excreted could not be correlated significantly with farm type or farm management but depended on the floor type which influences the infection pressure, on the age of the calves and the time after rehousing. In general, higher oocyst excretion rates were found in calves kept on litter compared to rearing on slatted floor. Younger calves and calves sampled early after housing shed higher amounts of oocysts than older calves and calves stabled a longer period before sampling, respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between OPG and the observation of diarrhoea, defined as observation of a loose to liquid faecal consistency. Excretion of E. zuernii oocysts was more closely linked to the occurrence of diarrhoea than E. bovis oocyst excretion. This study confirms that the pathogenic coccidia E. bovis and E. zuernii are ubiquitous in German cattle populations and a significant cause of diarrhoeal disease in calf rearing.

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Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea in Lower Austria and Styria (Austria)

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

Risk factors for diarrhea in a cohort of dairy heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches in Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Prevalence of Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in German Cattle Herds and Factors Influencing Oocyst Excretion

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