Detection of “bottlenecks” and ways to overcome emergency situations in gas transportation networks on the example of the European gas pipeline network

Search of critically important objects of the gas industry with the method of determining critical elements in networks of technical infrastructures

“…The basic principles of mapping energy system schemes and searching for weak places were developed in the process of creating and using the problem-oriented GIS "Oil and Gas of Russia" for studying the survivability of individual energy systems, in particular, gas supply systems, oil and oil products systems [11][12][13]. The scheme of the energy system in the GIS is presented in the form of a map consisting of two layers with vector data.…”

An SNA-DEA Prioritization Framework to Identify Critical Nodes of Gas Networks: The Case of the US Interstate Gas Infrastructure

“…The method was used to assess the Swiss electric power supply system. In the perspective of the network-based approach, Voropai et al [18] used the "Oil and Gas" software developed at Energy Systems Institute SB RAS to implement a methodology to detect bottlenecks in gas transportation networks when there are emergency situations and the gas deficit has negative consequence for users. The proposed methodology is based on a representation of the gas infrastructure as a graph and the calculation of the maximum resource flow, which implies the minimum cost.…”

Formation of the list of gas industry critical objects from the standpoint of energy security of the country

“…Another 7 UGSs (in which Gazprom participates as a co-investor) operate in the gas pipeline network on the territory of the European states [7]. All these UGSs incorporated into a specially designed flow model gas industry (within the software "Oil and Gas in Russia") [5,6,8]. This software allows imitating all aspects of the functioning of not only the UGSS of Russia, but also the technologically related gas networks of European countries.…”

“…A change in the state of system facilities requires solving the problem of flow distribution in the system in order to supply energy carriers to the maximum extent possible, i.e. the model can be formalized as a problem about the maximum flow [8][9][10]. Then it is necessary to add two fictitious nodes to the graph scheme: O -total source, S -total sink, and introduce additional sections connecting node O with all sources, and all consumers with node S. Mathematically, the stated problem has the following form: x -a flow in edge (i, j); ij d -constraints on the flow in edge (i, j).…”