Detection of blaSPM-1 and blaSIM-2 Metallo-β-Lactamases Genes in Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Recovered from Two University Hospitals in Egypt

Emara, Mohamed; El-Domany, Ramadan A.; El-Magd, Mohamed Abu; Moustafa, Walaa; Alkemary, Nesma

doi:10.21608/aprh.2020.29194.1106

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This low rate is consistent with the research of Elbadawi et al [36] but differs from previous studies that showed a higher prevalence of this gene (82 %) [37]. We reported a low prevalence of blaSPM-1 and blaSIM-1 in this study (3.6 % and 1.8 % respectively) which agreed generally with previous studies but with different percentages (1.75% [38] and 4% [39] respectively. In the current study, the gene blaGIM-1 was not detected among CR GNB isolates, which agrees with the prior Turkish study [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Performance of chromID® CARBA-SMART medium and carbapenemase inhibition method for the detection of carbapenemases among Gram negative bacilli

Ghandour

Mohamad

Bakry

et al. 2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Background: Early detection of carbapenemase enzymes among Gram negative bacilli (GNB) is mandatory to prevent their spread. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of chromID® CARBA-SMART medium and carbapenemase inhibition method (CIM) for detection of carbapenemases in GNB. Methodology: A total of 142 GNB isolates were collected and tested using Vitek-2 ® system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing The carbapenem resistant (CR) GNB were tested for carbapenemase production by phenotypic methods; chromID ® CARBA-SMART medium and CIM. Carbapenemase genes (𝑏𝑙𝑎NDM-1, blaSIM-1, 𝑏𝑙𝑎VIM-2, 𝑏𝑙𝑎KPC-1, blaGIM-1, blaSPM-1 and 𝑏𝑙𝑎OXA-48) were detected by PCR. Results: By minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 111 (78.17 %) of the 142 isolates were shown to be carbapenem resistant. Sensitivity and specificity of CIM and ChromID® CARBA-SMART medium were (100% and 66.7% respectively) for CIM and (86.7% and 100% respectively) for the medium. Resistance to carbapenem was associated with high percentages of resistance to many antibiotic classes. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 82% (91/111) of CR GNB with 𝑏𝑙𝑎NDM-1 (58.6%) and 𝑏𝑙𝑎OXA-48 (55.9 %) having the highest prevalence, followed by 𝑏𝑙𝑎KPC-1 (36 %) then 𝑏𝑙𝑎VIM-2 (10.8%) and lastly blaSPM-1 (3.6 %) and blaSIM-1 (1.8 %). The blaGIM-1 gene was not detected in any isolate. Conclusion: Carbapenemase inhibition method was found to be a very sensitive, easy, and cheap test for carbapenemase detection but needs the addition of ChromID® CARBA-SMART medium to improve the specificity of the test. This study has a high prevalence of carbapenemases among isolates with potential of rapid spread necessitating need for phenotypic tests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Performance of chromID® CARBA-SMART medium and carbapenemase inhibition method for the detection of carbapenemases among Gram negative bacilli

Ghandour

Mohamad

Bakry

et al. 2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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“…It is of interest that SIM-1 was produced by one strain of MDR K. pneumoniae intermediately susceptible to aztreonam and colistin. Similar results were reported for the SIM-1 gene in A. baumannii 10 in Iraq 22 and in Egypt, 20 in P. aeruginosa and recently in Egypt 23 and K. pneumoniae with ST23 strain carrying SIM-1 in China. 24 The GIM-1 and SIM-1 genes were transferred to Sudan, these can be broadly categorized into issues of emergence, spread, and clonal expansion with diversity, which include natural genetic diversification caused by mutation, horizontal gene transfer among other species, an increase in international travel and patient transfer between countries raising the possibility for further dissemination of strains carrying resistant genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Emergence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Producing GIM-1 and SIM-1 Clinical Isolates in Khartoum-Sudan

Bayoumi¹,

Hamid²

2022

IDR

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Purpose The aim of this study was to detect multidrug resistant GIM-1 and SIM-1 producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates from hospitalized patients across three Khartoum State Teaching Hospitals, Sudan. Patients and Methods From May 2018 to October 2019, Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates from inpatients admitted to different Khartoum state hospitals. Genes for carbapenemase (GIM-1 and SIM-1) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Agar dilution method was used to determine MICs for imipenem and meropenem after antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results Five (1.29%) isolates of Enterobacteriaceae [2 (0.51%) Escherichia coli isolates produce GIM-1, 2 (0.51%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (one [0.25%] of each produce of GIM-1 and of SIM-1), and 1 (0.25%) Enterobacter cloacae isolate produce GIM-1]. Susceptibility profiling of the isolates showed a low-level resistance to imipenem and meropenem MICs (8, 16 and 32 μg/mL). It also had resistance to ampicillin, extended-spectrum cephalosporin’s, aztreonam, and amoxicillin-clavulanate and with the two K. pneumoniae strains showing resistance to colistin. Conclusion We report the emergence of four GIM-1 producing Enterobacteriaceae strains and one strain of SIM-1 producing K. pneumoniae genes, isolated from hospitalized patients, with a high resistance pattern to antimicrobial agents. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is necessary for precise identification of clonal diversity backgrounds of acquired carbapenemase genes in diagnostic laboratories as the number of cases of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection increases annually.

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“…Primers that have been used to detect carbapenems-resistant genes in the heteroresistant isolates of interest were designed as previously described by Laurent and coworkers [39]. Primers sequences are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysis Of Bio Lm Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of heteroresistance to multiple antibiotics in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

Al-Shebiny,

Shawky,

Emara

2024

Preprint

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Background Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat; the presence of resistance mechanisms in bacteria can provide a correlation between bacterial-genotype and -phenotype. However, exceptions exist where identical bacterial cells in a population can exhibit heterogeneity in terms of antibiotic susceptibility. This response leads to difficulties in unambiguously classifying bacteria as susceptible or resistant. Heteroresistance is an example of this phenomenon that describes a phenotype in which an isolate contains subpopulations with reduced susceptibility compared to its main-population. Heteroresistance emergence led to a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. This study aimed to genotypically characterize the difference between the sensitive and the stable heteroresistant isolates (SHI). Methods A total of 151 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from various sources were included. Heteroresistant isolates and their stability were detected by disc-diffusion technique while genotypic analysis was carried out by PCR and efflux activity was assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr)-agar Cartwheel method. Results A total of 51 heteroresistant subpopulations were detected, producing 16 SHI upon stability-detection. Amplified resistance genes and EtBr-agar Cartwheel method showed a significant difference between resistant subpopulations and their corresponding-sensitive main-populations. Conclusion Genotypic analysis confirmed that genetic mutation can lead to resistance development although the main-populations were sensitive, thereby leading to treatment failure.

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Detection of blaSPM-1 and blaSIM-2 Metallo-β-Lactamases Genes in Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Recovered from Two University Hospitals in Egypt

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Performance of chromID® CARBA-SMART medium and carbapenemase inhibition method for the detection of carbapenemases among Gram negative bacilli

Performance of chromID® CARBA-SMART medium and carbapenemase inhibition method for the detection of carbapenemases among Gram negative bacilli

The Emergence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Producing GIM-1 and SIM-1 Clinical Isolates in Khartoum-Sudan

Emergence of heteroresistance to multiple antibiotics in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

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