Detection of biofilm-producing and methicillin resistance genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from healthy humans and in blood culture tests

Kitao, Takashi; Ishimaru, Mika; Nishihara, Shinji

doi:10.1007/s10156-010-0037-9

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In addition, S. epidermidis is isolated with increasing frequency as the causative pathogen of nosocomial sepsis, and accounts for approximately 30% of all nosocomial blood stream infections [4]. These infections are often indolent and unresponsive to antimicrobials [5], and frequently result in the removal of the adulterated device. In clinical samples, rates of methicillin resistance in intensive care unit settings have been reported to be 55–77%, or even 86% [6-8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of S. Epidermidis icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction and slime production: a case control study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundStaphylococcus epidermidis is a common pathogen in medical device-associated infections and have an ability to form adherent slime. We aimed to study the effects of icaA and icaD genes on the slime formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with catheter-associated infections.MethodsS. epidermidis isolates from the central venous catheter blood of patients with catheter-associated infections, and from the nasal vestibules of healthy volunteers, intensive care unit hospital staff, and patients, were collected. Slime phenotype was determined by Congo red agar test. The icaA/D was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Slime was examined using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsA total of 82 S. epidermidis isolates were collected. We found a statistically significant difference with regards to slime production between the clinical isolates from the catheter blood specimens and those from the nasal vestibules (p<0.05). All S. epidermidis slime positive strains isolated were icaA positive. There was a greater correlation between the presence of both icaA and icaD and the slime production than the single expression of icaA or icaD and the presence of slime in all groups. The co-expression of mecA and icaD was associated with enhanced resistance to antibiotics.ConclusionS. epidermidis bacteria are significant nosocomial pathogens, and icaA/D can clarify the adhesion mechanism in the pathogenesis of infections associated with medical devices. This study result could be useful for the development of rapid diagnosis for slime producing and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of S. Epidermidis icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction and slime production: a case control study

et al. 2013

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“…Activities of the global regulator proteins such as Sar, Agr, and SigmaB are also known to affect methicillin resistance [ 62 ]. The presence of this genetic determinant in the majority of the isolates suggests the propensity for the dissemination of resistance genes between bacteria living in biofilm, as evidenced by other studies [ 29 , 58 , 60 ]. Kitao et al also indicate that an increase of S. epidermidis resistant to methicillin with the presence of the mec A gene and capable of biofilm formation has occurred in many cases of CRBSIs [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In addition, one species that demonstrated this capacity was S. epidermidis in 50% of the isolates. This microorganism is described as the major nosocomial pathogen associated with implanted medical device infections due to its ability to form the extracellular polysaccharide matrix, which allows its protection and strengthens attachment to the catheter [ 29 , 32 ]. The investigation by Hashem et al shows that 55% of S. epidermidis associated with CRBSI are biofilm producers, agreeing with the one observed in our study [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These medical devices provide a surface area to which microorganisms can attach [ 23 ]. The most common microorganisms involved are Staphylococcus species, namely coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), predominantly S. epidermidis and S. aureus [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Although these are commensal human skin bacteria and are considered non-pathogenic, they have been recognized as relevant opportunistic pathogens [ 22 , 27 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common microorganisms involved are Staphylococcus species, namely coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), predominantly S. epidermidis and S. aureus [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Although these are commensal human skin bacteria and are considered non-pathogenic, they have been recognized as relevant opportunistic pathogens [ 22 , 27 , 29 ]. Other microorganisms have been identified as the Gram-negative bacilli, Enterococcus spp., and fungi, such as Candida species [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short Peripheral Venous Catheters Contamination and the Dangers of Bloodstream Infection in Portugal: An Analytic Study

et al. 2023

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Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most used vascular access devices in the world. However, failure rates remain considerably high, with complications such as PVC-related infections posing significant threats to patients’ well-being. In Portugal, studies evaluating the contamination of these vascular medical devices and characterizing the associated microorganisms are scarce and lack insight into potential virulence factors. To address this gap, we analyzed 110 PVC tips collected in a large tertiary hospital in Portugal. Experiments followed Maki et al.’s semi-quantitative method for microbiological diagnosis. Staphylococcus spp. were subsequently studied for the antimicrobial susceptibility profile by disc diffusion method and based on the cefoxitin phenotype, were further classified into strains resistant to methicillin. Screening for the mecA gene was also done by a polymerase chain reaction and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-vancomycin as determined by E-test, proteolytic and hemolytic activity on skimmed milk 1% plate and blood agar, respectively. The biofilm formation was evaluated on microplate reading through iodonitrotetrazolium chloride 95% (INT). Overall, 30% of PVCs were contaminated, and the most prevalent genus was Staphylococcus spp., 48.8%. This genus presented resistance to penicillin (91%), erythromycin (82%), ciprofloxacin (64%), and cefoxitin (59%). Thus, 59% of strains were considered resistant to methicillin; however, we detected the mecA gene in 82% of the isolates tested. Regarding the virulence factors, 36.4% presented α-hemolysis and 22.7% β-hemolysis, 63.6% presented a positive result for the production of proteases, and 63.6% presented a biofilm formation capacity. Nearly 36.4% were simultaneously resistant to methicillin and showed expression of proteases and/or hemolysins, biofilm formation, and the MIC to vancomycin were greater than 2 µg/mL. Conclusion: PVCs were mainly contaminated with Staphylococcus spp., with high pathogenicity and resistance to antibiotics. The production of virulence factors strengthens the attachment and the permanence to the catheter’s lumen. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to mitigate such results and enhance the quality and safety of the care provided in this field.

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Treatment with linezolid in a neonate with meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

et al. 2013

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Detection of biofilm-producing and methicillin resistance genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from healthy humans and in blood culture tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of S. Epidermidis icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction and slime production: a case control study

Analysis of S. Epidermidis icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction and slime production: a case control study

Short Peripheral Venous Catheters Contamination and the Dangers of Bloodstream Infection in Portugal: An Analytic Study

Treatment with linezolid in a neonate with meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

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