Detection of Bacterial Pathogens and Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat: A Review

Abstract

Detection of pathogenic microbes as well as antibiotic residues in food animals, especially in chicken, has become a matter of food security worldwide. The association of various pathogenic bacteria in different diseases and selective pressure induced by accumulated antibiotic residue to develop antibiotic resistance is also emerging as the threat to human health. These challenges have made the containment of pathogenic bacteria and early detection of antibiotic residue highly crucial for robust and precise detection. However, the traditional culture-based approaches are well-comprehended for identifying microbes. Nevertheless, because they are inadequate, time-consuming and laborious, these conventional methods are not predominantly used. Therefore, it has become essential to explore alternatives for the easy and robust detection of pathogenic microbes and antibiotic residue in the food source. Presently, different monitoring, as well as detection techniques like PCR-based, assay (nucleic acid)-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-based, aptamer-based, biosensor-based, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based and electronic nose-based methods, have been developed for detecting the presence of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic residues. The current review intends to summarize the different techniques and underline the potential of every method used for the detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic residue in chicken meat.

Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production

“…Fortunately, the direct transmission of pathogens from poultry and livestock animals to human via food products is usually minimized, as proper food processing, handling, and cooking methods are destroying them in the food production chain. However, the most important concerns for the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry and livestock farming are: (1) the use of sub-therapeutic amounts of antibiotics could promote the development of antibiotic-resistant strains through selection pressure; (2) the release of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment; (3) the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to non-resistant bacteria in the environment or human flora by horizontal (processes of conjugation, transduction, or transformation) or vertical transfer; and (4) the release of small amounts (residuals) of antibiotics and their metabolites in the environment could promote de novo mutations or evolution of sensible bacteria, leading to antibiotic resistance [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Elemental Probe-Based CRISPR/Cas12a Biosensing For Sensitive Tobramycin Detection

“…In recent years, biosensors [14][15][16] have developed rapidly in antibiotic detection, 17 with advantages such as quick response, high specificity, and excellent sensitivity. 18 On the basis, the CRISPR/Cas system that won the 2020 Nobel Prize deserves attention in the field of antibiotic detection. Precise targeting and extremely high specific cleavage ability, these characteristics make the CRISPR/Cas system has potential to develop into a fast, simple, low-cost, and versatile biosensor.…”

Sensitivity and Reliability of Two Antibodies in Detecting E. coli in Meat and Water

“…The essences on which the different kits were built can be grouped into 1) Plate counting methods, 2) gold or similar nanoparticles methods, 3) solid phase flow cytometry methods, 4) PCR-based methods and 5) immunological methods [6][7][8]. All these kits rely on the use of expensive instrumentation which is complicated to operate, needs time, and were relatively expensive, [9][10][11]. Therefore the present study is designed to explore a simple, accurate, and easy tool for the detection of E.coli in food samples.…”