Detection of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid Level in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics of lipid metabolism and the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism on lipid metabolism in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThe serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), ApoA1, ApoB, ApoE and lipoprotein Lp(a) were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length (PCR-RFLP).ResultsThe level of serum TG was significantly increased and the level of HDLC was significantly decreased in hemodialysis patients. Serum TG level was 33% higher than normal, and HDLC was 10.4% less than normal. The correlation analysis showed that TG level was significantly correlated with serum albumin level and extracorporeal circulation blood flow during dialysis. HDLC was significantly correlated with KT/V. The incidence of hypertension in hemodialysis patients was 73.6% and cardiovascular disease was 25%. The level of TG in the cardiovascular disease group was significantly higher than that in the non-cardiovascular disease group, and there was no significant difference between the hypertensive group and the non-hypertensive group. ApoE gene polymorphism test showed that the frequency of ApoE genotype ε3/3 and allele ε3 was the highest in hemodialysis patients, and the levels of TC, TG and LDLC were higher in ApoE genotype ε3/4 + ε4/4.ConclusionThe levels of serum TG and ApoB were significantly increased in patients with hemodialysis, and HDLC and other indexes were significantly decreased. The level of TG in patients with cardiovascular complications was significantly higher than in patients without complications. TG level was significantly correlated with serum albumin level and extracorporeal circulation blood flow during dialysis. HDLC was significantly correlated with KT/V. Hemodialysis patients who had ApoE allele ε4 are prone to lipid metabolism disorders.

The Association Between SerumApoEGenetic Polymorphism and Serum Lipid Level in Hemodialysis Patients

“…Guz et al (2000) indicated that the ApoE polymorphism significantly affected serum levels of TC and LDL-C in HD patients, but was not associated with the presence of atherosclerosis in these individuals (Guz et al, 2000). Wang et al (2003) suggested that HD patients were liable to develop hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia. The TG level might be related to the development of CVD in HD patients, whereas the patients with the allele of ApoE e4 were liable to develop dyslipidemia (Wang et al, 2003).…”

“…Wang et al (2003) suggested that HD patients were liable to develop hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia. The TG level might be related to the development of CVD in HD patients, whereas the patients with the allele of ApoE e4 were liable to develop dyslipidemia (Wang et al, 2003). Liberopoulos et al (2004) observed that the ApoE concentration in combination with the ApoE polymorphisms significantly influenced serum lipid parameters in HD patients.…”

“…Growing evidence indicates that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the most important candidate genes contributing to the need for HD, and the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ApoE gene could influence the expression and function of ApoE proteins, thus contributing to the risk of HD, and affecting the prognosis of HD patients (Olmer et al, 1997;Kohlmeier et al, 1998;Imura et al, 1999;Guz et al, 2000;Zahalkova et al, 2002;Asakimori et al, 2003;Liberopoulos and Elisaf, 2003;Wang et al, 2003;Liberopoulos et al, 2004;Arikan et al, 2007;Al-Muhanna et al, 2008;Hubacek et al, 2009;Chmielewski et al, 2010Chmielewski et al, , 2011. Several ApoE genetic polymorphisms e2, e3, and e4, coding for the three main isoforms of the ApoE protein E2 (Arg158Cys), E3 (parent isoform), and E4 (Cys112Arg), have been investigated for potential associations with serum lipid levels in HD, and the risk of HD in different populations (Imura et al, 1999;Guz et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2003;Liberopoulos et al, 2004;Arikan et al, 2007). However, the potential association between the ApoE c.109G > A genetic polymorphism and serum lipid level in HD has not been analyzed.…”

The effects of serum apolipoprotein E genetic variants and concentration on serum lipid parameters in haemodialysis patients

“…However, the exact pathophysiology of HD is still unclear. Recently, accumulated evidences suggest that the serum apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) genetic variants and concentration play important functions for the development of HD [1–3,5,10–18]. The ApoE gene has been considered as one of the most important candidate genes for affecting the risk of HD [1,2,5,10–12,15,16] .…”

“…Recently, accumulated evidences suggest that the serum apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) genetic variants and concentration play important functions for the development of HD [1–3,5,10–18]. The ApoE gene has been considered as one of the most important candidate genes for affecting the risk of HD [1,2,5,10–12,15,16] . ApoE gene, located on chromosome 19q13.2, is a polygenetic gene, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ApoE gene could influence the expression and function of ApoE protein, which are potentially associated with the risk of HD and are contributing to affect the prognosis of HD patients [1,2,5,10,11].…”