Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Poultry Litter: Monitoring a Risk through a Selective and Sensitive HPLC–MS/MS Method

Abstract

Tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and quinolones are families of antimicrobials (AMs) widely used in the poultry industry and can excrete up to 90% of AMs administrated, which accumulate in poultry litter. Worryingly, poultry litter is widely used as an agriculture fertilizer, contributing to the spread AMs residues in the environment. The aim of this research was to develop a method that could simultaneously identify and quantify three AMs families in poultry litter by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Samples of AMs free poultry litter were used to validate the method according to 657/2002/EC and VICH GL49. Results indicate that limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 8.95 to 20.86 μg kg−1, while limits of quantitation (LOQ) values were between 26.85 and 62.58 µg kg−1 of tetracycline, 4-epi-tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 4-epi-oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, flumequine, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfadiazine. Recoveries obtained ranged from 93 to 108%. The analysis of field samples obtained from seven commercial poultry flocks confirmed the adequacy of the method since it detected means concentrations ranging from 20 to 10,364 μg kg−1. This provides us an accurate and reliable tool to monitor AMs residues in poultry litter and control its use as agricultural fertilizer.

Extended period of selection for antimicrobial resistance due to persistency of antimicrobials in broilers

“…Furthermore, ciprofloxacin was measured with an average concentration of 5.78 mg/kg after terminating the treatment, comparable to our enrofloxacin measurements and the same trend as other studies determined. 45,46 The objective of this study was to investigate if persistent antimicrobial residues lead to increased AMR levels (genotypically or phenotypically). The Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage in Animals in the Netherlands (MARAN) measured a prevalence of 40% ampicillin resistance in E. coli in broilers.…”

High-Frequency Detection of fosA3 and blaCTX–M–55 Genes in Escherichia coli From Longitudinal Monitoring in Broiler Chicken Farms

“…Curiously in our research, poultry litter did not have the high number of resistance when compared with day-old chicken sample. The use of the same poultry litter in subsequent production cycles, when subjected to a sanitary vacuum and a good fermentation process, may result in a low microbial load ( Wei et al, 2013 ; Vieira et al, 2015 ; Waziri and Kaltungo, 2017 ; Gurmessa et al, 2021 ; Moffo et al, 2021 ; Yévenes et al, 2021 ). In Brazil, poultry litter is reused for more than one consecutive batch, and this practice is allowed if sanitary problems have not occurred with the batches housed on the poultry litter to be reused ( Waziri and Kaltungo, 2017 ).…”

Development of Novel Peptide-Modified Silver Nanoparticle-Based Rapid Biosensors for Detecting Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

“…While instrumental methods are known for their high accuracy and sensitivity, they often face limitations in their practical applications, such as high costs, operational complexity, and transportation difficulties. These challenges pose significant obstacles when screening large numbers of samples, involving hundreds or thousands in some cases. , Another hurdle in the detection of AGAs using LC-MS assays is the generation of similar signals or ions after fragmentation, primarily due to their identical structural features . Additionally, AGAs are highly polar in nature, and the lack of chromophores or fluorophores in their structures limits the options for direct detection using conventional spectroscopic methods. , Furthermore, those methods only detect specific target analytes, which restricts their applicability and practical use in real-world scenarios .…”