Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Multiple Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Sources in Selected Health Institutions in Kwara State

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. Strains of P. aeruginosa are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance among these strains is a public health crisis. Moreover, there is paucity of data on characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples in Kwara State. Objectives: The objectives are to investigate the occurrence of metallo β-lactamase enzyme, multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa among clinical samples and detection of antibiotic resistance genes among them. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five samples comprising of 145 males and 90 females human clinical specimens were collected aseptically from five selected health institutions within Kwara state, Nigeria. The samples were cultured immediately using standard microbiological procedures. Multiple drug resistance patterns of the micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. Metallo β-lactamase production was determined using E – test strip and the DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistant genes determination. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified for P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples .Thirty were positive for metallo β-lactamase production; 11 (8 %) males and 19 (13 %) females. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime (100 %), gentamicin (100 %), ceftriaxone (100 %) were observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.4 %), piperacillin (6.9 %) and imipenem (6.9 %). All isolates were sensitive to colistin. The prevalence of various encoding genes blaVIM, , blaCTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 %, 16.7 % and 37.7 % respectively. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo β-lactamase enzyme producing and antibioticresistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Necessary measures must therefore be implemented to stop the problems of this antibiotic resistance.

Detection of blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 Genes and Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamases (CHDLs) in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected from West of Iran, Hamadan

“…e antibiotic susceptibility testing also noted high resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin (75.2%) and ceftriaxone (50.4%). As in the current study, numerous other researchers have already reported a decreased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to the commonly used antibiotics (Dehbashi et al [10] and Adekunle et al [21]). Among P. aeruginosa, 49.5% of isolates were MDR, 19.2% were XDR, and 9.1% were PDR.…”

Detection of blatem, blactx-m, and blashv genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The ESBL-producing isolates of P. aeruginosa strains are linked to higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and medical expenses. A public health emergency is the quick spread of antibiotic resistance among these strains (Adekunle et al,2021).…”

Bacterial Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections Acquired in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review

“…Most of the articles report bacteria with resistance to antibiotics based on conventional methods (as disk diffusion method, Double disc synergy test, dilution methods, Epsilometer test), especially in countries of Africa (2,11,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), Asia and Latin America (1, 6, 61-66). Phenotypic detection of antibiotic resistance by Disk Diffusion Method was reported in 60.5% of the total studies, followed by the Vitek 2 system (18.4%).…”

“…Isolates with Tn2006 has been detected in predominantly in Iran (113), while Tn2008, and Tn2009 in China (90,106). Also, high frequency of MDR pathogens harboring class 1 and 2 integrons have been detected in K. pneumoniae (9,14), A. baumannii (10,65,57,77,90,113), P. aeruginosa (18,94,101), and E. coli (38,64,110).…”