Detection of Anti-Ulcer Drugs and Their Metabolites in Horse Urine by Liquid Chromatography ? Mass Spectrometry

Chung, Evonne W.; Ho, Emmie N.M.; Leung, David K.K.; Tang, Fei; Yiu, Kenneth C. H.; Wan, Terence S.M.

doi:10.1365/s10337-004-0213-0

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Proton pump inhibitors have in fact largely superseded the H 2 -receptor antagonists. Multiresidue analysis of anti-ulcer drugs, both H 2 -histamine antagonist and proton pump inhibitors has been described (Chung et al, 2004).…”

Section: B Anti-ulcer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multiresidue LC-MS of several H 2 antagonists has been reported in horse urine (Chung et al, 2004), in wastewater SCHEME 21…”

Section: H 2 -Histamine Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It results in the most abundant fragment ion m/z 159 for cimetidine, m/z 189 for famotidine, and m/z 176 for ranitidine (see Scheme 22). Additional fragments in the MS-MS spectrum of ranitidine ([M þ H] þ , m/z 315) are due to losses of HN(CH 3 ) 2 to a fragment ion with m/z 270 followed by the loss of NO 2 to m/z 224 as well as the loss of NO 2 from the fragment ion with m/z 176 to an ion with m/z 130 (Chung et al, 2004;Hernando et al, 2007). Two other fragments include ions with m/z 124 due to cleavage at the furan ring and charge retention at that side and m/z 144 due to cleavage at the other side of the sulfur atom (see Scheme 22).…”

Section: H 2 -Histamine Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Niessen¹

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.

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Section: B Anti-ulcer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multiresidue LC-MS of several H 2 antagonists has been reported in horse urine (Chung et al, 2004), in wastewater SCHEME 21…”

Section: H 2 -Histamine Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H 2 -Histamine Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Niessen¹

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…probably followed by the cleavage of the molecule on either side of the sulphur atom [33] and the progressive formation of CO 2 .…”

Section: Mechanistic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of drugs in aqueous systems by photoassisted degradation

et al. 2005

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Aqueous solutions of tetracycline, lincomycin and ranitidine were irradiated with UV light in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Two commercial polycrystalline TiO 2 powders (Degussa P25 and Merck) were used as photocatalysts. After 5 h, an appreciable photolytic degradation of tetracycline and ranitidine was observed while the degradation of lincomycin was noticeably lower. As far as the mineralization is concerned, a small decrease of the TOC values was measured in the case of tetracycline whereas negligible variations were found for lincomycin or ranitidine. The presence of the photocatalysts greatly enhanced the degradation rates of the drugs with respect to those observed during the homogeneous experiments. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model adequately describes the experimental results and both the pseudo-first order kinetic constants of the reactions and the adsorption constants were calculated. Merck TiO 2 was more active than P25 Degussa for the photodegradation of tetracycline and ranitidine, whereas both photocatalysts showed similar performances for lincomycin. In the presence of TiO 2 Degussa P25, tetracycline was almost completely mineralized, but the reduction of the initial TOC was ca. 60% in the case of lincomycin and ranitidine. A less significant mineralization was observed by using Merck TiO 2 .

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“…Because metabolites retain the basic structure of the parent drug after biotransformation, the mass spectral fragmentation behavior of the parent drug can be used as a structural template for interpreting the structures of metabolites (Appolonova et al, 2004;Chung et al, 2004). Jatrorrhizine ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC/MS/MS for identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of jatrorrhizine

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Han³

et al. 2008

Biomedical Chromatography

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The in vivo and in vitro metabolism of jatrorrhizine has been investigated using a specific and sensitive LC/MS/MS method. In vivo samples including rat feces, urine and plasma collected separately after dosing healthy rats with jatrorrhizine (34 mg/kg) orally, along with in vitro samples prepared by incubating jatrorrhizine with rat intestinal flora and liver microsome, respectively, were purified using a C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridge. The purified samples were then separated with a reversed-phase C(18) column with methanol-formic acid aqueous solution (70:30, v/v, pH3.5) as mobile phase and detected by on-line MS/MS. The structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed by comparing their molecular weights and product ions with those of the parent drug. As a result, seven new metabolites were found in rat urine, 13 metabolites were detected in rat feces, 11 metabolites were detected in rat plasma, 17 metabolites were identified in intestinal flora incubation solution and nine metabolites were detected in liver microsome incubation solution. The main biotransformation reactions of jatrorrhizine were the hydroxylation reaction, the methylation reaction, the demethylation reaction and the dehydrogenation reaction of parent drug and its relative metabolites. All the results were reported for the first time, except for some of the metabolites in rat urine.

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Detection of Anti-Ulcer Drugs and Their Metabolites in Horse Urine by Liquid Chromatography ? Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive‐ion liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Removal of drugs in aqueous systems by photoassisted degradation

LC/MS/MS for identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of jatrorrhizine

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