Detection of Anchor Points for 3D Face Veri.cation

Nose Tip Detection in 3D Face Image Based On Maximum Intensity Algorithm

“…They used elastic matching for curves comparison. Colbry et al [4] Propose to use two different strategies for nose tip detection under frontal and nonfrontal poses. Under a frontal pose, they take the nose tip as the point of the face scan that is closest to the viewer.…”

3D Face Recognition: Technology and Applications

“…However, for a new setting, these methods are not always applicable. Another typical approach in landmark localization is to detect the easiest landmark first, and to use it in constraining the location of the next landmark [9,16,24]. The problem with these methods is that one erroneously located landmark makes the localization of the next landmark more difficult, if not impossible.…”

“…It is possible to use 3D information in conjunction with 2D for landmark localization [16,24,6]. Although the illumination sensitivity of the 2D features will have a detrimental effect on the joint model, one can use features that are relatively robust to changes in illumination.…”

“…However, the search for the symmetry axis can be costly without the guiding landmarks. Curvature-based features seem to be promising in 3D due to their invariance to several transformations [53,24]. Especially, Gaussian and mean curvatures are frequently used to locate and segment facial parts.…”

“…These can be simple rules, such as taking the point closest to the camera as the tip of the nose [24,102], or using contrast differences to detect eye regions [54,102]. For a particular dataset, these methods can produce very accurate results.…”