Detection of amyloid-beta and tau in tear fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Gijs, Marlies; Ramakers, Inez H.G.B.; Visser, Pieter Jelle; Verhey, Frans R.J.; Waarenburg, Marjo P. H. van de; Schalkwijk, Casper G.; Nuijts, Rudy M.M.A.; Webers, Carroll A.B.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-36499/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result indicates that tears contain 10 times the amount of Aβ peptide in blood. Gijs et al reported that their result in the case of healthy controls also showed Aβ in tears, due to the different tear collection methods and the subjects’ average age. We did not test the same concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-Sensitivity and Trace-Amount Specimen Electrochemical Sensors for Exploring the Levels of β-Amyloid in Human Blood and Tears

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased, the detection and treatment of AD have become global social issues. Effective early detection and wide-range screening of AD allow patients to gain early control and delay brain degeneration. For these reasons, we choose electrochemical sensors to complete the detection task. Although bio-electrochemical technology for antibody and antigen sensing is not a new technology, considering the scarcity of tear samples for dementia and since the existing AD detection techniques are highly invasive and expensive for subjects, we have to use the traditional detection techniques for the early screening of Alzheimer’s disease via trace-amount specimens. An AD-related protein in the eye is thought to be an important biomarker for early detection. To carry out detection using tear samples as a test specimens, a tear collection device was developed in this study that extracted 10 μL of tear fluid from a tear Schirmer strip. In this research, we distinguished healthy people in different age groups and detect Aβ in both tear and blood samples. We developed a biosensor, which could detect Aβ in tear specimen from 1 to 100 pg/mL. Also, this biosensor is inexpensive, disposable, and easy to use. In our result, the concentration of Aβ in tears was approximately 10 times more than that in blood. This study demonstrates the feasibility and prospects of future screening for AD-associated biomarkers by a dynamic comparison between blood and tears.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-Sensitivity and Trace-Amount Specimen Electrochemical Sensors for Exploring the Levels of β-Amyloid in Human Blood and Tears

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Likewise, CSF biomarkers were measured in tear samples to assess a new non-invasive tool to predict and detect AD. Specifically, three Aβ peptides (Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were analyzed in patients diagnosed with clinical dementia, MCI, and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), as well as in a control group [ 129 ] ( Table 1 ). Interestingly, the concentrations of all peptides were higher in tear samples of all patient groups compared to healthy subjects; however, non-statistical differences were obtained.…”

Section: Ocular Alterations Related To Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the concentrations of all peptides were higher in tear samples of all patient groups compared to healthy subjects; however, non-statistical differences were obtained. In addition, t-tau levels were significantly higher in dementia, MCI, and SCD compared to the control group [ 129 ]. Importantly, p-tau was also detected in all patient groups but not in control subjects.…”

Section: Ocular Alterations Related To Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, p-tau was also detected in all patient groups but not in control subjects. Both t-tau and p-tau showed no differential expression among the three patient groups [ 129 ]. Moreover, the association of tear amyloid and tau levels with AD severity and neurodegeneration was also studied, highlighting the potential of tau and Aβ proteins in tear fluid as markers of AD severity [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: Ocular Alterations Related To Admentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alzheimer’s Disease Seen through the Eye: Ocular Alterations and Neurodegeneration

Romaus-Sanjurjo

Regueiro

López-López

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the main neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, AD shares many similarities with other dementias at early stages, which impedes an accurate premortem diagnosis. Therefore, it is urgent to find biomarkers to allow for early diagnosis of the disease. There is increasing scientific evidence highlighting the similarities between the eye and other structures of the CNS, suggesting that knowledge acquired in eye research could be useful for research and diagnosis of AD. For example, the retina and optic nerve are considered part of the central nervous system, and their damage can result in retrograde and anterograde axon degeneration, as well as abnormal protein aggregation. In the anterior eye segment, the aqueous humor and tear film may be comparable to the cerebrospinal fluid. Both fluids are enriched with molecules that can be potential neurodegenerative biomarkers. Indeed, the pathophysiology of AD, characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein, is also present in the eyes of AD patients, besides numerous structural and functional changes observed in the structure of the eyes. Therefore, all this evidence suggests that ocular changes have the potential to be used as either predictive values for AD assessment or as diagnostic tools.

show abstract

Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings, it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and cure the disease in their preliminary stage to avoid severe complications. Wearable biosensors have been developed by using numerous materials for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring. Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has received considerable attention for the development of wearable biosensors due to its outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties. Moreover, the extremely flexible, foldable, and biocompatible nature of graphene provide a wide scope for developing wearable biosensor devices. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives could be trending materials to fabricate wearable biosensor devices for remote human health management in the near future. Various biofluids and exhaled breath contain many relevant biomarkers which can be exploited by wearable biosensors non-invasively to identify diseases. In this article, we have discussed various methodologies and strategies for synthesizing and pattering graphene. Furthermore, general sensing mechanism of biosensors, and graphene-based biosensing devices for tear, sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), saliva, and exhaled breath have also been explored and discussed thoroughly. Finally, current challenges and future prospective of graphene-based wearable biosensors have been evaluated with conclusion. Graphical abstract Graphene is a promising 2D material for the development of wearable sensors. Various biofluids (sweat, tears, saliva and ISF) and exhaled breath contains many relevant biomarkers which facilitate in identify diseases. Biosensor is made up of biological recognition element such as enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle, or complete cell and physical (transducer, amplifier), provide fast response without causing organ harm.

show abstract

Detection of amyloid-beta and tau in tear fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

High-Sensitivity and Trace-Amount Specimen Electrochemical Sensors for Exploring the Levels of β-Amyloid in Human Blood and Tears

High-Sensitivity and Trace-Amount Specimen Electrochemical Sensors for Exploring the Levels of β-Amyloid in Human Blood and Tears

Alzheimer’s Disease Seen through the Eye: Ocular Alterations and Neurodegeneration

Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About