Detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Egyptian Women Suffering from Infertility

Abstract

Chlamydial and gonococcal infections are recognized as two of the major causes of sexually transmissible human bacterial infection which may lead to infertility. In this cross sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis among Egyptian women using different microbiological methods. One hundred and fifty cervical swabs were collected, of which 100 were from infertile women. Culture and ELISA technique were used for screening of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis individually. In addition, PCR was used for all examined samples. For C. trachomatis, 3 cases were positive for antigen detection by ELISA. Moreover, in obtained results of PCR, DNA was detected in 4 samples, and three of them from infertile group. So based on PCR results, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 75% and 100% respectively. Furthermore, 3 samples were positive for gonococcal infections by PCR, and two of them were taken from infertile women. Positive results of two samples were verified by culture. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of culture method were 66.7% and 100% respectively. Results of this study indicate that PCR is a valuable method for detection of gonococcal and chlamydial infection and it is suitable for the confirmation of ELISA results for C. trachomatis diagnosis. Culture method is less sensitive than PCR for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. The prevalence of such infections is higher among infertile women.

Prevalence of <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women attending obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department at Lahore general hospital Lahore, Pakistan

“…Our results are partially in agreement with Elkayl who reported that 2% of gonorrhoeae suspected patients was confirmed through PCR analysis in Egyptian woman [21] .…”

Prevalence Rates of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Other Sexually Transmitted Organisms in Infertile Couples Attending a Tertiary Medical Centre in Malaysia

“…26 In infertile females, lower prevalence rates of 0.4%to 2% were observed. 18,27 In this present study we did not find any subjects with N. gonorrhoeae, similar to the findings by Hazlina et al (2005). 15 In Malaysia, prevalence rates of gonorrhoea were mostly reported among subjects at higher risk for HIV and other STIs such as commercial sex workers (5.8%) 28 and male attendees of genitourinary clinic (24.2%).…”

Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

“…Medical Education (2008) 67 Gdoura et al (2008) 178 Sadrpour et al (2013) 164 Al-Sweih et al (2012) 100 Ahmadi et al (2018) 49 Golshani et al (2007) 155 Dehghan et al (2017) 57 Moazenchi et al 2018159 Total Random effects model Heterogeneity: 93 Al-Ramahi et al (2008) 93 Joolayi et al (2017) 62 Al-Ramahi et al (2008) 93 Rashidi et al (2013) 71 Ahmed (2012) 167 Abdella et al (2015) 144 Hajikhani et al (2013) 156 Al-Ramahi et al (2008) 93 Joolayi et al (2017) 62 Mohammed et al (2017) 90 Siam and Hefzy (2012) 151 Kalantar et al (2007) 157 Gdoura et al (2001b) 177 Alfarraj et al (2015) 174 Dawood (2011) 169 Elkayal et al (2015) 146 Goshayeshi et al (2015) 58 Nada et al (2015) 45 Mousavi et al (2014) 69 Mansour Ghanaie (2014) 158 Marashi et al (2014) 66 Rashidi et al (2013) 71 Dehghan et al (2017) 57…”