Detection of ammonium nitrate inside vehicles by nuclear quadrupole resonance

Barras, Jamie; Gaskell, Michael J.; Hunt, N. E. J.; Jenkinson, R. I.; Mann, Klaus; Pedder, D.A.G.; Shilstone, G. N.; Smith, J. A. S.

doi:10.1007/bf03166538

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For this reason, they are preferred for NQR detection. Some parameters for frequencies and owing to nitrate ions are shown in Table 1 [17]. As it can be seen in the table, the temperature dependence of NQR frequency, given by the temperature coefficient, is much lower for the m À line than for the m þ line.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Seliger et al [16] firstly reported NQR excitation frequencies, polymorphs and relaxation times for ammonium nitrate. Barras et al [17] developed a system for ammonium nitrate detection inside vehicles. Prescott et al [18] used crossedpolarization method to detect ammonium nitrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parameters for NQR frequencies and corresponding to nitrate ion in ammonium nitrate molecule at 25°C[17] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

et al. 2015

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This paper shows the advances in the development of a portable system for remote detection of ammonium nitrate by nuclear quadrupole resonance. Three different probe coils were constructed and compared in terms of the signal intensity and the noise rejection under different environments, using the developed system. For the gradiometer probe coil, which showed the best performance in terms of noise rejection, the '90°' equivalent pulse was determined for different distances between the sample and the probe, and the remote detection of ammonium nitrate was achieved not only in a shielded room inside the laboratory, but also in the outdoors. The system was capable of detecting 200 g ammonium nitrate at 3 cm apart from the probe within 12 s with a steady-state free precession pulse sequence. The comparable results were obtained with a free induction decay sequence in 25 min for the total acquisition time. The compact size of the system will allow the applications for the substance detection in the outdoors especially for landmines made from ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixtures instead of military explosives.

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

et al. 2015

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“…In NQR literature there are few studies around AN detection and any of them is related to the landmine detection problem. Papers that were found on the subject include [53], in which NQR excitation frequencies, polymorphs and relaxation times for AN were measured; [54] where a system for AN detection inside vehicles was developed, in which the vehicle is passed through a big coil (detection is not remote); [56], where double resonance method is used to detect AN and [57] in which NQR is applied for ANFO and REOGEL+ detection, two explosives made with AN. In this last work, SSFP and SLMP sequences were compared and it was concluded that SLMP sequences have better performance for AN.…”

Section: Ammonium Nitrate (An)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection

Cardona

Jiménez

Vanegas

2015

Ingeniare. Rev. chil. ing.

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Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a spectroscopic technique that can detect explosives of high chemical specificity and therefore it is very suitable for the landmine detection problem. There are several factors affecting the relation of noise signal ratio with NQR: molecular dynamics of relaxation, interference signals, thermal noise, explosive amount, distance, temperature and the design of the detecting system. Literature has searched ways for solving one or more of these factors, but since not all the work has been focused on landmine detection, many have only been tested in simulation or with data obtained under controlled laboratory conditions, where the detection is not remote (there is no separation between the sample and the detection system). This paper makes a review of the state of art in NQR, analyzing its relevance to the landmine detection problem and concluding about unsolved problems that could be the focus of future research.Keywords: Nuclear quadrupole resonance, landmine detection, explosive detection, landmine, demining. RESUMEN

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“…Spectroscopic approaches have been the most widely explored [2][3][4][5][6][7], but quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), ion chromatography [8], capillary electrophoresis [9], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [10], nanotechnology based-methods (using molecularly imprinted polymers [11], nanotubes, or nanoparticles), and sensor techniques [12][13][14][15][16] have also been largely described. Amongst the different types of sensors developed to address this need, the electrochemical sensors [17][18][19] present the advantages of being fast, inexpensive, and adapted to miniaturization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensor for Explosives Precursors’ Detection in Water

et al. 2017

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Although all countries are intensifying their efforts against terrorism and increasing their mutual cooperation, terrorist bombing is still one of the greatest threats to society. The discovery of hidden bomb factories is of primary importance in the prevention of terrorism activities. Criminals preparing improvised explosives (IE) use chemical substances called precursors. These compounds are released in the air and in the waste water during IE production. Tracking sources of precursors by analyzing air or wastewater can then be an important clue for bomb factories' localization. We are reporting here a new multiplex electrochemical sensor dedicated to the on-site simultaneous detection of three explosive precursors, potentially used for improvised explosive device preparation (hereafter referenced as B01, B08, and B15, for security disclosure reasons and to avoid being detrimental to the security of the counter-explosive EU action). The electrochemical sensors were designed to be disposable and to combine ease of use and portability in a screen-printed eight-electrochemical cell array format. The working electrodes were modified with different electrodeposited metals: gold, palladium, and platinum. These different coatings giving selectivity to the multi-sensor through a "fingerprint"-like signal subsequently analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results are given regarding the detection of the three compounds in a real environment and in the presence of potentially interfering species.

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Detection of ammonium nitrate inside vehicles by nuclear quadrupole resonance

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

Remote Detection of Ammonium Nitrate by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance using a Portable System

Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection

Electrochemical Sensor for Explosives Precursors’ Detection in Water

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