Detection of Aldehydes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Rats Exposed to Ozone

Pryor, William A.; Bermúdez, Eliezer; Cueto, Rafael; Squadrito, G

doi:10.1093/toxsci/34.1.148

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…O 3 did not increase either heptanal or nonanal above background levels. Increased concentrations of all three aldehydes were previously reported for BALF samples recovered from rats exposed to 0.5-10 ppm O 3 (13,48). Thus our inability to detect changes in either heptanal or nonanal may simply reflect the relatively low concentration of O 3 used in this study.…”

Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The fact that the overall concentration of hexanal was significantly increased in O 3 -exposed airways (Fig. 10) suggests that the exposure regimen used in this study increased oxidative stress in the lung periphery 1601 ANTIOXIDANT TRANSPORT MODULATES PERIPHERAL AIRWAY RESPONSES TO O 3 (13,48). O 3 did not increase either heptanal or nonanal above background levels.…”

Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Heptanal is produced from ozonation of palmitolenic acid, an n-7 UFA that is present in the lung, and nonanal from oleic acid, an n-9 UFA that is very prevalent. However, hexanal can be produced either by the ozonation of any n-6 UFA or by the O 3 -initiated autoxidation of any n-6 PUFA in the lung (13,14,48) and is formed in greater amounts than are the other two aldehydes.…”

Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant transport modulates peripheral airway reactivity and inflammation during ozone exposure

Freed

Cueto

Pryor

1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

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We examined the effects of ozone (O(3)) and endogenous antioxidant transport on canine peripheral airway function, central airway function, epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Dogs were either untreated or pretreated with probenecid (an anion-transport inhibitor) and exposed for 6 h to 0.2 parts/million O(3). Peripheral airway resistance (Rpa) and reactivity (DeltaRpa) were monitored in three sublobar locations before and after exposure to either air or O(3). Pulmonary resistance and transepithelial potential difference in trachea and bronchus were also recorded. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected before, during, and after exposure. O(3) increased Rpa and DeltaRpa only in probenecid-treated dogs and in a location-dependent fashion. Pulmonary resistance and potential difference in bronchus increased after O(3) exposure regardless of treatment. O(3) markedly increased BALF neutrophils only in untreated dogs. With the exception of hexanal, O(3) did not alter any BALF constituent examined. Probenecid reduced BALF ascorbate, BALF protein, and plasma urate. We conclude that 1) a 6-h exposure to 0.2 parts/million O(3) represents a subthreshold stimulus in relation to its effects on peripheral airway function in dogs, 2) antioxidant transport contributes to the maintenance of normal airway tone and reactivity under conditions of oxidant stress, 3) O(3)-induced changes in Rpa and DeltaRpa are dependent on location, and 4) peripheral airway hyperreactivity and inflammation reflect independent responses to O(3) exposure. Finally, although anion transport mitigates the effect of O(3) on peripheral airway function, it contributes to the development of airway inflammation and may represent a possible target for anti-inflammatory prevention or therapy.

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Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Antioxidant Transport Modulates Peripheral Airway Responses mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant transport modulates peripheral airway reactivity and inflammation during ozone exposure

Freed

Cueto

Pryor

1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…The question of whether the observed DNA damage is caused directly by ozone could not be answered. It is generally accepted that ozone is too reactive to penetrate deeply into the tissue 35. Surrounding proteins such as vitelline probably give protection from direct damage by ozone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gaseous ozone treatment on egg components

et al. 2010

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“…Although free 4‐HNE has been measured in cell extracts17 and in plasma,18 it is more frequently determined as an adduct to proteins19 or GSH 20. Saturated aldehydes, namely, n‐ hexanal (C6), n‐ heptanal (C7) and n‐ nonanal (C9), were found in BAL after induction of free radical damage in the lung of both rat21 and humans22 by ozone, and they may represent breakdown products of oxidized linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (C6), palmitoleic acid (C7) and oleic acid (C9), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of patterns of biologically relevant aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate of healthy subjects by liquid chromatography/atmospheric chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Andreoli

Manini

Corradi

et al. 2003

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

176

162

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A method for the simultaneous determination of several classes of aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was developed using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS). EBC is a biological matrix obtained by a relatively new, simple and noninvasive technique and provides an indirect assessment of pulmonary status. The measurement of aldehydes in EBC represents a biomarker of the effect of oxidative stress caused by smoke, disease, or strong oxidants like ozone. Malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, α,β-unsaturated hydroxylated aldehydes [namely 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)], and saturated aldehydes (n-hexanal, n-heptanal and n-nonanal) were measured in EBC after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of the analytes was obtained in positiveion mode for MDA, and in negativeion mode for acrolein, 4-HHE, 4-HNE, and saturated aldehydes. DNPH derivatives were separated on a C18 column using variable proportions of 20 mM aqueous acetic acid and methanol. Linearity was established over 4-5 orders of magnitude and limits of detection were in the 0.3-1.0 nM range. Intra-day and inter-day precision were in the 1.3-9.9% range for all the compounds. MDA, acrolein and n-alkanals were detectable in all EBC samples, whereas the highly reactive 4-HHE and 4-HNE were found in only a few samples. Statistically significant higher concentrations of MDA, acrolein and n-hexanal were found in EBC from smokers.Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to oxidation of cell macromolecules, e.g. lipids, DNA and proteins, leading to a variety of products 1 including alkanes, aldehydes, oxidated nucleotides and oxidated amino acids. Among the mechanisms of free radical damage, lipid peroxidation is probably the most extensively investigated process. ROS oxidation of cell membrane phospholipids produces chain reactions whose targets are the (poly)unsaturated fatty acids (P)UFA esterified in the sn-1 and sn-2 glyceride positions, and results in the formation of unstable lipid hydroperoxides and of secondary carbonyl compounds such as aldehydic products. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathobiology of the lung due to its large exchange surface with oxygen and with environmental pollutants contaminating Among the products of lipid peroxidation, malondial-dehyde (MDA) is commonly used as a marker of oxidative stress. 3 It has been determined in several biological matrices 3 including plasma, 4-6 serum, 7 urine, 5 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, 7 expired breath condensate, 8 and tissues, 9 as well as in lipid-rich foods. 10 Its colorimetric determination after reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid (the so-called TBARS assay) has been criticized because of the nonspecifi-city of the TBARS reaction. 11,12 Therefore, several analytical methods have proposed the use of chromatographic techniques coupled with sensitive detectors. 13,14 Besides MDA, some α,β-unsaturated aldeh...

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Detection of Aldehydes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Rats Exposed to Ozone

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Antioxidant transport modulates peripheral airway reactivity and inflammation during ozone exposure

Antioxidant transport modulates peripheral airway reactivity and inflammation during ozone exposure

The effect of gaseous ozone treatment on egg components

Determination of patterns of biologically relevant aldehydes in exhaled breath condensate of healthy subjects by liquid chromatography/atmospheric chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

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