Detection of Airborne Campylobacter with Three Bioaerosol Samplers for Alarming Bacteria Transmission in Broilers

Zhao, Yang; Aarnink, A.J.A.; Koerkamp, P.W.G. Groot; Hagenaars, T.H.J.; Katsma, W.E.A.; Jong, M.C.M. de

doi:10.13031/2013.37122

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The airborne microorganisms and their harmful components may not only jeopardize the health status of animals and caretakers inside barns [4,5,6,7], but also pose the risk of spreading disease between barns if pathogenic species are emitted outside [8]. In response to or in anticipation of State or Ffederal legislation on animal welfare, some egg producers are building or planning to build aviary cage-free hen-housing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free chlorine loss during spraying of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water and its antimicrobial effect on airborne bacteria from poultry house

Zhao¹,

Xin²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Spray-application of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water (MLAEW) is a novel technique for disinfection in livestock houses. This study investigated the loss of free chlorine (FC -the major germicidal component in MLAEW) over distance during spraying, as affected by air temperature and initial FC concentration. The antimicrobial effect of MLAEW on airborne bacteria from an aviary laying-hen house was examined. materials and methods. MLAEW was prepared at two FC concentrations: app. 15 and 60 mg L -1 , and sprayed at three air temperatures (18, 25, 32 °C). The original MLAEW solution and MLAEW aerosols collected at 0, 25, and 50 cm from the spray nozzle were analyzed for FC concentrations. Bacteria were immersed into these MLAEW samples and numerated for viable count after 0.5, 2 and 5-min treatments. results. MLAEW aerosols collected at 0 cm lost 11.7-13.2% FC, compared with the original MLAEW solution. This initial loss was affected neither by the initial FC concentration (P = 0.13) nor by air temperature (P = 0.57). The rate of FC loss during travelling was 0.79-0.87 % per cm of aerosol travel distance (% cm -1 ) at 18 °C, 1.08-1.15 % cm -1 at 25 °C, and 1.35-1.49% cm -1 at 32 °C. This travelling loss was affected by air temperature (P = 0.02), but not by initial FC concentration (P = 0.38). Bacteria were completely inactivated at 0.5 min when treated with MLAEW samples with FC > 16.8 mg L -1 , in 2 min when FC > 13.8 mg L -1 , and in 5 min when FC > 7.2 mg L -1 . conclusion. Airborne bacteria from aviary hen house can be effectively inactivated by MLAEW with adequate FC concentration and contact time. During spraying, the anti-microbial efficacy of MLAEW aerosols decreased over distance due to FC loss which exacerbated at higher air temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free chlorine loss during spraying of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water and its antimicrobial effect on airborne bacteria from poultry house

Zhao¹,

Xin²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Exposure to high concentrations of airborne bacteria and particulate matter (PM) can impair the health of the animals and workers (Seedorf et al, 1998;Whyte, 2002;Andersen et al, 2004;Mitchell et al, 2004). Some microorganisms can be transmitted through the air and cause animal diseases (Zhao et al, 2011a;Zhao et al, 2013a;Dee et al, 2009;Otake et al, 2010) and enter the food chain (Leach et al, 1999;Hajmeer et al, 2006). Airborne PM in livestock houses is considered a carrier of microorganisms (Gustafsson, 1999;Lee et al, 2006;Nehme et al, 2008;Nonnenmann et al, 2010;Hong et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Particulate Matter and Culturable Bacteria Reduction from Spraying Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water in an Experimental Aviary Laying-Hen Housing Chamber

et al. 2014

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Compared to conventional cage laying-hen houses, aviary hen houses generally have much higher concentrations of airborne dust and bacteria due to generation of bioaerosols by the hensâ€™ access to and activities on the litter floor. Hence, reducing these airborne agents is important to safeguard the health of the animals and workers in such housing systems. Spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is a novel approach to reducing airborne culturable bacteria (CB) and particulate matter (PM) levels in hen houses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of reducing airborne CB and PM in an experimental aviary chamber by periodic spraying of SAEW (Trt), as compared to no spraying (Ctrl ns ) or spraying of tap water (Ctrl w ). The hens were provided 16 h light and 8 h dark (lights on at 6:00 h and off at 22:00 h) and were given access to the litter floor from 12:00 h to 22:00 h. The Trt regimen sprayed SAEW at 14:00 h for 15 min at a dosage of 80 mL m -2 ; the Ctrl ns regimen had no spraying; and the Ctrl w regimen sprayed tap water following the same procedure as with Trt. Concentrations of airborne CB and PM in six aerodynamic size ranges (0.65-1.1, 1.1-2.1, 2.1-3.3, 3.3-4.7, 4.7-7.1, and >7.1 Î¼m) were measured at 1.5 m above the floor in the center of the room during the periods of 13:45-14:00 h and 14:45-15:00 h. Compared to Ctrl ns , spraying SAEW significantly reduced airborne CB (>2.1Â Î¼m) by up to 49% Â±10% (p < 0.05), while Ctrl w did not show a reduction effect. No significant difference was found between Trt and Ctrl w in reducing airborne PM, although both reduced or tended to suppress PM >7.1 Î¼m in size. The results show that spraying SAEW can inactivate airborne CB attached to PM. Thus, this is a promising technique for alleviating the adverse health impacts of bioaerosols in aviary laying-hen housing systems. KeywordsAviary hen housing, Animal health and welfare, Indoor air quality (0.65-1.1, 1.1-2.1, 2.1-3.3, 3.3-4.7, 4.7-7.1, and >7.1 μm) were measured at 1.5 m above the floor in the center of the room during the peri-

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“…La transmisión de estos agentes ya sea por inhalación o por contacto puede provocar serios problemas de salud. Entre ellos, zoonosis como campilobacteriosis, salmonelosis, fiebre aftosa, colibacilosis, influenza y enfermedad de Newscastle (Chinivasagam et al, 2009;Davies and Breslin, 2001;Zhao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Contexto: El Materials Particulado Y Los Bioaerosoles En El Aunclassified

“…Algunos autores concluyeron que para el muestreo de bacterias totales el muestreador más eficaz fue el basado en los borboteadores (Li et al, 1999;. Sin embargo, métodos basados en la filtración o impactación han mostrado mayor eficiencia en otros estudios (Juozaitis, 1994;Zhao et al, 2011). El muestreo de bioaerosoles patógenos presenta mayores dificultades ya que se encuentran en bajas concentraciones.…”

Section: Emisión Y Dispersiónunclassified

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Material particulado y bioaerosoles en el aire de granjas de aves y conejos: cuantificación, caracterización y medidas de reducción

Sales¹

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En su conjunto, los resultados presentados en esta Tesis Doctoral proporcionan una información útil sobre el PM y los bioaerosoles en el aire de alojamientos ganaderos, que permitirá diseñar e implementar medidas de reducción prácticas y eficaces que mejoren la calidad del aire en los alojamientos ganaderos y reduzcan su emisión al exterior.v Abstract Livestock houses are an important source of particulate matter (PM) and bioaerosols. These substances can have a detrimental effect on human and animal health and the environment, as well. Knowledge on the origin of PM and bioaerosols in livestock houses and the factors affecting their generation and aerosolization is necessary to reduce them. The present PhD thesis addresses issues related with the concentration, origin and physical, chemical and biological properties of airborne PM in rabbit and poultry farms, their relationship with pathogenic bioaerosols and techniques to reduce them. This work aims to contribute to alleviate the negative effects of these substances both indoor and outdoor livestock houses.The specific objectives within this PhD thesis were i). to characterize airborne PM in rabbit farms in terms of morphology, chemical composition and bacterial concentration in different size fractions, ii). to quantify airborne PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and emissions in rabbit farms, and to identify the main factors related with farm activities influencing PM generation, iii). to assess the spatial distribution of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the air during a broiler cycle and examine their relationship with the concentration and evolution of PM, iv). to compare the performance of techniques to sample and detect airborne Salmonella spp. in broiler farms and v). to evaluate the application of an air disinfectant to reduce airborne microorganism in a commercial laying hen house, with focus on its effect on Mycoplasma spp.The results of this thesis suggest that poultry and rabbit houses generate and emit relevant amounts of PM and bioaerosols which can exceed the limit values established in Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, especially in poultry farms. Therefore, these substances must be controlled and reduced to protect the environment and the health and welfare of humans and animals.In rabbit houses, PM showed a complex morphology and chemical composition, being fragmentation type particles with irregular and acute edges, rich in S, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl the most abundant. The concentration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria per cubic meter in the air varied between 3.1x10 3 and 1.6x10 6 colony forming units, CFU. The main sources of PM were skin, animal feed and faeces from cleaning activities, specially sweeping and the animals themselves. The average concentration of PM10 (particles vi smaller than 10 µm in diameter) was 0.08 ± 0.06 mg/m 3 for fattening rabbits and 0.05±0.06 mg/m 3 for reproductive does and the average concentration of PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) was 0.01±0.02 mg/m 3 for fattening ra...

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Detection of Airborne Campylobacter with Three Bioaerosol Samplers for Alarming Bacteria Transmission in Broilers

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Free chlorine loss during spraying of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water and its antimicrobial effect on airborne bacteria from poultry house

Free chlorine loss during spraying of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water and its antimicrobial effect on airborne bacteria from poultry house

Airborne Particulate Matter and Culturable Bacteria Reduction from Spraying Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water in an Experimental Aviary Laying-Hen Housing Chamber

Material particulado y bioaerosoles en el aire de granjas de aves y conejos: cuantificación, caracterización y medidas de reducción

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