Detection of Aichi virus shedding in a child with enteric and extraintestinal symptoms in Hungary

Reuter, Gábor; Boldizsár, Ákos; Papp, Gábor; Pankovics, Péter

doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0473-y

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The high seroprevalence found contrasts with the low frequency of Aichi virus detection in sporadic cases and in outbreaks of gastroenteritis, since a low incidence of Aichi virus outbreaks has been reported. In Europe, Aichi virus has been detected only in 6 of 110 outbreaks in France (1) and in 1 of 65 children investigated in Hungary (10). Aichi virus was not found in 188 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in which norovirus was previously excluded in the Netherlands (15), and in Finland, 68 samples from patients with gastroenteritis proved negative for Aichi virus by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to these results, the pathogenesis of Aichi virus has been questioned (15,(19)(20). Nevertheless, recent studies have identified Aichi virus as the only pathogen isolated in 3 outbreaks in Germany (7), in 6 of 13 patients in France (1), in 16 of 234 (12) and in 25 of 788 (13) Tunisian children, in 1 outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption (6), and in 1 case in a study of 65 stool samples in Hungary (10). Furthermore, Aichi virus has often been associated with other gastrointestinal viruses in diarrhea outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most recent studies suggest that the virulence of this virus should be reconsidered. Reuter et al (10) describe the case of a child who was shedding Aichi virus and suffered, in addition to diarrhea, respiratory symptoms and purulent conjunctivitis. Sdiri-Loulizi et al (13) observed a significantly higher frequency of Aichi virus monoinfections among hospitalized children than among outpatients, and they suggest that this virus could be virulent enough to require hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus was later isolated from patients with gastroenteritis, comprising Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia (18), and among patients from Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Vietnam (8). In 2006, the virus was isolated for the first time in the Americas (Brazil) and Europe (Germany) (7), and since then, Aichi virus has been detected in France (6), Tunisia (12,13), Hungary (10), and Finland (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus in a Spanish Population from 2007 to 2008

Ribes

Montava

Tellez-Castillo

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Viruses are among the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis. In recent years, new viruses causing outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis have been described. Among these, Aichi virus was identified in Japan in 1989. Aichi virus belongs to the Kobuvirus genus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus has been detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption and in pediatric stool samples, but little is known about its epidemiology or pathogenesis. In the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to Aichi virus in a Spanish population was determined between 2007 and 2008 by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As in previous studies, a high seroprevalence of antibodies to Aichi virus (70%) was observed, with levels differing according to age. We observed significant differences in titers of antibody to Aichi virus among different age groups, grouped by decades. We report high ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers, and both titers fitted a sigmoid curve significantly. However, this virus is seldom detected; therefore, further studies are needed to gain a better understanding of its importance as a pathogenic agent.Viruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis and affect humans of all ages. Rotavirus (mainly group A), calicivirus (including norovirus and sapovirus), adenovirus, and astrovirus are considered the major causes of viral gastroenteritis. However, in many cases of gastroenteritis, no specific pathogen can be identified, and other viruses, such as Aichi virus, may be involved. This virus was proposed as a probable cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption in Aichi, Japan, in 1989 (16). Aichi virus belongs to the genus Kobuvirus, in the family Picornaviridae (9, 19). The major differences between the genus Kobuvirus and other genera of the same family are found in the coding region of the L protein, in the absence of a VP0 cleavage site, and in the distinct morphology of the 2A protein (14).The Aichi virus genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of 8,260 nucleotides and has a poly(A) tail. The single large open reading frame encodes a polyprotein of 2,432 amino acids. This polyprotein, like those of the other members of the family, is cleaved into the structural proteins VP0, VP3, and VP1 and the nonstructural proteins 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D (11,19). Aichi virus has been classified into two genotypes (A and B) by phylogenetic analysis of a 519-bp sequence at the 3C-3D (3CD) junction (20) Little is known about the incidence of Aichi virus infection in humans. Aichi virus antigen or viral RNA was first detected in fecal samples collected in Japan (17). The virus was later isolated from patients with gastroenteritis, comprising Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia (18), and among patients from Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Vietnam (8). In 2006, the virus was isolated for the first time in the Americas (Brazil) and Europe (Germany) (7), and since then, Aichi virus has been detected i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus in a Spanish Population from 2007 to 2008

Ribes

Montava

Tellez-Castillo

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…AiV was first isolated in 1989 from a patient in Japan during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with consumption of raw oysters (22). AiV was subsequently detected in Asian countries, Brazil, Europe, and Africa, and its association with acute gastroenteritis suggests that it is the causative agent of this disease (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). We found that the AiV nonstructural proteins-2B, 2BC, 2C, 3A, and 3AB-bind to the Golgi protein, acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), which interacts with PI4KB to form a viral protein/ ACBD3/PI4KB complex that synthesizes PI4P at sites of AiV RNA replication (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex Comprising Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ, ACBD3, and Aichi Virus Proteins Enhances Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Synthesis and Is Critical for Formation of the Viral Replication Complex

Ishikawa-Sasaki

Sasaki

Taniguchi

2014

J Virol

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Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III␤ (PI4KB) is a host factor required for the replication of certain picornavirus genomes. We previously showed that nonstructural proteins 2B, 2BC, 2C, 3A, and 3AB of Aichi virus (AiV), a picornavirus, interact with the Golgi protein, acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), which interacts with PI4KB. These five viral proteins, ACBD3, PI4KB, and the PI4KB product phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) colocalize to the AiV RNA replication sites (J. Sasaki et al., EMBO J. 31:754 -766, 2012). We here examined the roles of these viral and cellular molecules in the formation of AiV replication complexes. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that treatment of AiV polyprotein-expressing cells with a small interfering RNA targeting ACBD3 abolished colocalization of the viral 2B, 2C, and 3A proteins with PI4KB. A PI4KB-specific inhibitor also prevented their colocalization. Virus RNA replication increased the level of cellular PI4P without affecting that of PI4KB, and individual expression of 2B, 2BC, 2C, 3A, or 3AB stimulated PI4P generation. These results suggest that the viral protein/ACBD3/PI4KB complex plays an important role in forming the functional replication complex by enhancing PI4P synthesis. Of the viral proteins, 3A and 3AB were shown to stimulate the in vitro kinase activity of PI4KB through forming a 3A or 3AB/ACBD3/PI4KB complex, whereas the ACBD3-mediated PI4KB activation by 2B and 2C remains to be demonstrated. IMPORTANCEThe phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase PI4KB is a host factor required for the replication of certain picornavirus genomes. Aichi virus, a picornavirus belonging to the genus Kobuvirus, forms a complex comprising one of the viral nonstructural proteins 2B, 2BC, 2C, 3A, and 3AB, the Golgi protein ACBD3, and PI4KB to synthesize PI4P at the sites for viral RNA replication. However, the roles of this protein complex in forming the replication complex are unknown. This study showed that virus RNA replication and individual viral proteins enhance the level of cellular PI4P, and suggested that the viral protein/ACBD3/PI4KB complex plays an important role in forming a functional replication complex. Thus, the present study provides a new example of modulation of cellular lipid metabolism by viruses to support the replication of their genomes.

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Molecular detection and characterization of aichivirus A in adult patients with diarrhea in Thailand

Saikruang

Khamrin

Suantai

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Virology

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Viral gastroenteritis is a common public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, new viruses causing gastroenteritis have been identified. Among these, Aichivirus has also been proposed as a causative agent of gastroenteritis in human. Most studies have been conducted in infants and children, the information in adults is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characterization of Aichivirus in adult patients with diarrhea. A total of 332 fecal specimens collected from January to December 2008 were screened for the presence of Aichivirus by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method. Out of 332 fecal specimens tested, Aichivirus was detected with the prevalence of 0.9% (3/332). The data indicate that the prevalence of Aichivirus in adults was as low as those reported in children in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequence revealed that one Aichivirus belonged to genotype A, while other two Aichiviruses were genotype B. In conclusion, this study provided the molecular epidemiological data of Aichivirus circulating in adult patients with diarrhea at low prevalence and the viruses were genetically variable as both genotypes A and B were found in this population.

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Detection of Aichi virus shedding in a child with enteric and extraintestinal symptoms in Hungary

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus in a Spanish Population from 2007 to 2008

Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus in a Spanish Population from 2007 to 2008

A Complex Comprising Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ, ACBD3, and Aichi Virus Proteins Enhances Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Synthesis and Is Critical for Formation of the Viral Replication Complex

Molecular detection and characterization of aichivirus A in adult patients with diarrhea in Thailand

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