Detection of Adulterated Natural Sweeteners by Carbon Isotopic Ratio Analysis

Choi, Hye‐Jin; Lee, Jae-Kyoo; Kim, Ae-kyung; Jung, Bo-kyeng; Yi, Yun‐Jeong; Lee, Kyung-ah; Lee, Yong-cheol; Shin, Giyoung

doi:10.13103/jfhs.2021.36.2.148

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Maximum whisker length is 1.5 times the interquartile range (black lines); above and below that value, points are considered outliers (red crosses). Ranges are coherent with already reported data. ,, …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Values originating from 100% agave spirit are coherent with previously reported data for tequila, between −13.5‰ and −12‰. Additional data was reported on raw product for tequila and agave syrup: although the data presented in this work are obtained from ethanol, the ranges are similar and could be compared considering that the main sources of carbon are ethanol and fermentable sugars for agave spirits and syrup, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…9 As an additional example, carbon irm-MS analysis allows detection of C 4 sugar sources in C 3 sugars (and conversely) but fails to segregate C 4 and CAM sugar sources. 10 Especially, C 4 sugar sources (cane, maize) remain hardly detectable, 11 even when using individual sugar 13 C deviations obtained by liquid chromatography with IRMS. 4 The issue was tackled with development of position-specific approaches 12 to quantify isotopomers in a sample (mostly pure molecule), among which PSIA NMR (position-specific isotope analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance) shines because of its selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work successfully used oxygen isotopic ratio ( 18 O/ 16 O) to authenticate 100% agave tequila maturation time since fraud is likely to occur in these products due to price differences between grades . As an additional example, carbon irm-MS analysis allows detection of C 4 sugar sources in C 3 sugars (and conversely) but fails to segregate C 4 and CAM sugar sources . Especially, C 4 sugar sources (cane, maize) remain hardly detectable, even when using individual sugar 13 C deviations obtained by liquid chromatography with IRMS .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Portaluri

Thomas

Jamin

et al. 2021

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Agave syrup has become a popular sweetener among consumers because of its low glycemic index and pleasant taste, but substitution by cheaper sugar syrups makes it vulnerable to fraud. A 13C site-specific natural isotopic fractionation (SNIF)-NMR approach had been developed to allow the detection of C4 plants (cane, maize) in agave products, with the drawback of a long NMR acquisition time. In this work, an INEPT (insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer) pulse sequence was implemented to significantly reduce acquisition time while accurate and reproducible results are obtained. Apparent site-specific isotopic deviations were correlated to values acquired with single pulse method. The analytical method was validated following the normative procedure NF V03-110, from sample preparation to data correction. With a single pulse method as a reference, performances were at least equally good and measurement time was halved, opening new methodological ways for isotopic ratio monitoring of carbon in the ethanol molecule by NMR, also applicable to fermented and fermentable beverages. In parallel, the method was extended to agave inulin characterization after a preliminary controlled hydrolysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Portaluri

Thomas

Jamin

et al. 2021

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Food Quality Standards and Importance of Authentication of Coconut Products

Shanker,

Khanashyam,

Thorakkattu

et al. 2024

Preservation and Authentication of Coconut Products

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Investigation of the Incorporation and Authenticity of C₄ Sugars in Natural Sugar Products Distributed in Jeju Using Carbon Isotope Ratio

Oh,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

JKFN

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This study examined whether C4 sugars were incorporated into natural sugars and discriminated their authenticity by carbon isotope ratio analysis. The δ 13 C values were analyzed in 141 samples of commercially available honey (n=48), sugar-fed honey (n=10), maple syrup (n=23), agave syrup (n=17), sugar (n=13), corn syrup (n=20), and rice syrup (n=10). The δ 13 C values of 45 natural honey products were −26.9‰ to −22.9‰, showing that they were suitable, while three products showed −12.9‰, −13.1‰, and −14.5‰, which were over −22.5‰ and did not meet the quality standards. The δ 13 C values of sugar-fed honey were suitable at −15.1‰ to −12.6‰. One out of 23 cases of maple syrup had a carbon isotope ratio of −11.0‰ and was confirmed to contain C4 sugar. The δ 13 C values of cane sugar and corn syrup were −13.3‰ to −12.0‰ and −12.6‰ to −11.4‰, respectively. One of the 23 maple syrup samples did not meet the AOAC maple syrup standards. Therefore, it is necessary to set maple syrup under the sugar syrup category in the Food Code and add carbon isotope ratio standards.

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Detection of Adulterated Natural Sweeteners by Carbon Isotopic Ratio Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Food Quality Standards and Importance of Authentication of Coconut Products

Investigation of the Incorporation and Authenticity of C₄ Sugars in Natural Sugar Products Distributed in Jeju Using Carbon Isotope Ratio

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Detection of Adulterated Natural Sweeteners by Carbon Isotopic Ratio Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular 13C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of 13C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular 13C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of 13C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Food Quality Standards and Importance of Authentication of Coconut Products

Investigation of the Incorporation and Authenticity of C4 Sugars in Natural Sugar Products Distributed in Jeju Using Carbon Isotope Ratio

Contact Info

Product

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About

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Authentication of Agave Products through Isotopic Intramolecular ¹³C Content of Ethanol: Optimization and Validation of ¹³C Quantitative NMR Methodology

Investigation of the Incorporation and Authenticity of C₄ Sugars in Natural Sugar Products Distributed in Jeju Using Carbon Isotope Ratio