Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in drinking water from pig farms

Porcine Respiratory Pathogens in Swine Farms Environment in Mexico

“…However, other authors report that the most common serotypes in Mexico and North America are the 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 [30] [41]- [44]. For environmental samples, our group had previously reported the presence of this pathogen in drinking water samples from swine farms where this pathogen could be isolated and observed that these environmental isolates could present biofilm formation as a means of survive outside the pig [22]. On the other hand, P. multocida is known as part of the normal flora of the pig, as well as the causal agent of wide variety of infections, usually after primary infections caused by other pathogens or environmental factors [45]- [47].…”

“…pleuropneumoniae nested PCR. PCR against A. pleuropneumoniae was performed as described by Schaller et al [26] and Loera-Muro et al [22]. The PCR run conditions were: 95˚C for 1 min followed by 30 cycles of 94˚C for 30 s, 54˚C for 30 s and 72˚C for 1 min with a final elongation step at 72˚C for 5 min.…”

“…The total of number of samples is shown in Table 2. Water samples were taken as described Loera-Muro et al [22]. Food samples were taken directly from top of the feeder.…”

“…A compound sampling scheme was done as described by Cochran [22] [23]. All farms sampled were small farms not technified, with an average of 100 animals, including animals in the process of fattening and breeding females.…”

“…These pathogens are dispersed and infected pigs through direct contact between animals and by aerosols [19]- [21]. There are not many studies that show that the environment in the farm acts as a reservoir or dispersal means for respiratory pathogens [1] [14] [22]. The aim of the present study was therefore, to identify the main porcine respiratory pathogens associated with PRDC: A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, H. parasuis, S. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, PRRSV, SIV and PCV2, in the environment that surrounds pigs in swine farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico.…”