Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes

Allison, Andrew B.; Goekjian, Virginia H.; Potgieter, A. C.; Wilson, William C.; Johnson, Donna J.; Mertens, Peter P. C.; Stallknecht, David E.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.015651-0

Cited by 88 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hemorrhagic disease surveillance centered on virus isolation of tissue samples obtained during WTD mortality investigations has proven a successful method of detecting new EHDV and BTV serotypes in North America (Gibbs et al, 2008;Allison et al, 2010). Based on our results, this ''detection system'' would likely be capable of detecting EHDV-7 if introduced to the United States and thus reiterates the importance of thorough diagnostic investigation during HD outbreaks if novel EHDV and BTV serotypes are to be promptly detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Ruder

Allison

Stallknecht

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:During the fall of 2006, in Israel, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 7 caused an intense and widespread epizootic in domestic cattle that resulted in significant economic losses for the dairy industry. The susceptibility of potential North American vector and ruminant hosts to infection with EHDV-7 is not known but is essential to understanding the potential for establishment of this exotic orbivirus in North America if it were introduced. Our primary objective was to determine whether white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are susceptible to infection with EHDV-7. Six, 8-mo-old WTD were experimentally infected with EHDV-7, and all became infected and exhibited varying degrees of clinical disease. Clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and postmortem findings were consistent with previous reports of orbiviral hemorrhagic disease (HD) in this species. Four of six animals died or were euthanized because of the severity of disease, one on postinoculation day (PID) 5 and the remaining WTD on PID 7. All deer had detectable viremia on PID 3, which peaked on PID 5 or 6 and persisted for as long as PID 46 in one animal. Deer surviving the acute phase of the disease seroconverted by PID 10. Based on the 67% mortality rate we observed, this strain of EHDV-7 is virulent in WTD, reaffirming their role as a sentinel species for the detection of endemic and nonendemic EHDV. Further, the observed disease was indistinguishable from previous reports of disease caused by North American EHDV and bluetongue virus serotypes, highlighting the importance of serotypespecific diagnostics during suspected HD outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Ruder

Allison

Stallknecht

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…There is considerable genetic variation among the strains of EHDV that circulate within endemic regions, including among virus strains of the same serotype (6,11,73,76,77,78,79,80). For example, six serotypes of EHDV have been detected in the historically endemic area in northern Australia (26,34,44,54), and at least three different serotypes currently circulate in North America (76,77,81).…”

Section: Aetiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aetiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, six serotypes of EHDV have been detected in the historically endemic area in northern Australia (26,34,44,54), and at least three different serotypes currently circulate in North America (76,77,81). Phylogenetic analyses of certain gene segments, notably segments 3 and 9, indicate that global strains of EHDV segregate into distinct 'eastern' (Asia and Australia) and 'western' (Americas, Africa, Mediterranean Basin) topotype lineages (66,70,76). Although certain strains of EHDV are clearly more virulent for cattle than others, notably Ibaraki virus (EHDV-2) and the recently described strains of EHDV-2, 6 and 7 that caused disease among cattle in the Mediterranean Basin and on Reunion Island, the molecular basis of EHDV virulence is uncharacterised and other strains of these same EHDV serotypes (EHDV-2, 6 and 7) typically do not cause significant disease among cattle in other endemic regions of the world (4).…”

Section: Aetiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epizootic haemorrhagic disease

Maclachlan¹,

Zientara²,

Savini³

et al. 2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryEpizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease of certain wild ungulates, notably North American white-tailed deer and, more rarely, cattle. The disease in white-tailed deer results from vascular injury analogous to that caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), to which EHD virus (EHDV) is closely related. There are seven serotypes of EHDV recognised, and Ibaraki virus, which is the cause of sporadic disease outbreaks in cattle in Asia, is included in EHDV serotype 2. The global distribution and epidemiology of BTV and EHDV infections are also similar, as both viruses occur throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world where they are transmitted by biting Culicoides midges and infect a wide variety of domestic and wild ungulates. However, the global distribution and epidemiology of EHDV infection are less well characterised than they are for BTV. Whereas most natural and experimental EHDV infections (other than Ibaraki virus infection) of livestock are subclinical or asymptomatic, outbreaks of EHD have recently been reported among cattle in the Mediterranean Basin, Reunion Island, South Africa, and the United States. Accurate and convenient laboratory tests are increasingly available for the sensitive and specific serological and virological diagnosis of EHDV infection and confirmation of EHD in animals, but commercial vaccines are available only for prevention of Ibaraki disease and not for protection against other strains and serotypes of EHDV.

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“…Infection by EHDV, of which there are three North American serotypes, EHDV-1, EHDV-2, and EHDV-6, can cause significant morbidity and mortality in free-ranging and captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). 1,9,14 Clinical signs of EHD in white-tailed deer are highly variable. Initial signs can include depression, fever, respiratory distress, and, sometimes, rapid death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in a Captive Facility Housing White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Bison (Bison bison), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Cattle (Bos taurus), and Goats (Capra hircus) in Colorado, USA

Nol¹,

Kato²,

Reeves³

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes

Cited by 88 publications

References 35 publications

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) to Experimental Infection With Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 7

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in a Captive Facility Housing White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Bison (Bison bison), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Cattle (Bos taurus), and Goats (Capra hircus) in Colorado, USA

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