Detection of a novel gammaherpesvirus (genus Rhadinovirus) in wild muntjac deer in Northern Ireland

McKillen, John; Hogg, Kayleigh; Lagan, Paula; Ball, Cheryl E.; Doherty, Simon; Reid, Neil; Collins, Lisa; Dick, Jaimie T. A.

doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3254-z

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“… 2018 ), while other studies have detected Rhadinovirus in cervids but without any pathological damage confirmed (McKillen et al. 2017 ; Patel et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Molecular survey of selected viruses in Pudus ( Pudu puda ) in Chile revealing first identification of caprine herpesvirus—2 (CpHV-2) in South American ungulates

Hidalgo-Hermoso

Celis

Cabello³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Quarterly

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Viral diseases jeopardize the health of wildlife in Chile. However, this country lacks health surveillance programs that allow for defining preventive measures to tackle such diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and the genetic diversity of pestivirus, herpesvirus and adenovirus in pudus from Chile. Blood samples from wild (n=34) and captive (n=32) pudus were collected between 2011 and 2019 and analyzed through consensus PCR. All the samples were negative to pestivirus and adenovirus. Herpesvirus was confirmed in four captive, and one wild pudu. All four zoo animals share the same sequence for both polymerase and glycoprotein genes. Both sequences share a 100% identity with caprine herpesvirus-2, classifying them in the same cluster as the Macavirus group. In turn, novel sequences of the polymerase and glycoprotein B genes were obtained from the wild pudu. Our study reports the first evidence of CpHV-2 infection in Chile and South American ungulate populations. Further research will be necessary to assess the pathogenicity of CpHV-2 in this species. It is also urgently recommended that molecular, serological and pathological screening should be conducted in Chilean wild and captive pudus to understand the impact of the herpesvirus on their populations.

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“… 2018 ), while other studies have detected Rhadinovirus in cervids but without any pathological damage confirmed (McKillen et al. 2017 ; Patel et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Molecular survey of selected viruses in Pudus ( Pudu puda ) in Chile revealing first identification of caprine herpesvirus—2 (CpHV-2) in South American ungulates

Hidalgo-Hermoso

Celis

Cabello³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…It is notable that seven uteruses from hinds that were aborted were positive for cervid Rhadinovirus type-2 (CRhV-2) through PCR in a deer farm in New Zealand; however, the role of the virus in abortion needs clarification ( 55 ). Recent reports show novel Rhadinovirus sequences in cervid species with no evidence of disease ( 20 , 56 , 57 ); therefore, whether all Rhadinoviruses are pathogenic or not needs support. Finally, the pathogenicity and epidemiology of pudu gammaherpesvirus-1 in livestock is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia

Hidalgo-Hermoso,

Cabello,

Lopez

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionHerpesvirus infections have been highlighted as emerging diseases affecting wildlife health and the conservation of several taxa. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) and infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) are two viruses that infect wild ruminants. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on herpesviruses in South American wild ruminants are limited. An outbreak of caprine gammaherpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) that recently was suspected as the cause of MCF in southern pudus (Pudu puda) prompted the need to conduct molecular screenings in Chilean cervids to understand the epidemiology of herpesviruses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of herpesviruses in free-ranging cervids from Chile.MethodsHerpesvirus infection was assessed in antemortem blood samples (n = 86) from pudus (n = 81) and huemuls (Hippocamelus bisulcus) (n = 5), as well as postmortem samples of spleen (n = 24) and lung (n = 3) from pudus, using a nested pan-herpesvirus PCR assay.ResultsCombining all suitable sample types, DNA of pudu gammaherpesvirus-1 was detected in five pudues and five huemuls, with an overall prevalence of 9.90% (n = 10/101; 95% CI = 5.11–17.87%). One pudu tested positive for ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 1/96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%), and one pudu tested positive for a Macavirus sequence with 98.63 similarity to ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%).DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a herpesvirus in huemul and of ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 in Chile. Our results also confirm the active circulation of herpesvirus in free-ranging cervids in Chilean Patagonia, and as such, MCF should be considered as a possible cause of disease in free-ranging Chilean pudus and livestock species. Further research is necessary to develop a plan of systematic monitoring (serological and pathological screening) of herpesviruses in Chilean wild and domestic ruminants to understand their diversity and impact on animal health and conservation.

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“…To date, more than 20 rhadinoviruses have been documented in ruminant species. Eight have been identified in deer as a natural host, among which, only MCF virus (MCFV)-WTD is reported to develop MCF syndrome in white-tailed deer (WTD) based on clinical signs and histopathological lesion observations [ 7 8 10 ]. Another seven are phylogenetical members of a non-MCF subgroup and have no clinical indications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of two genetically different lymphotropic herpesviruses present among red deer, sambar, and milu herds in China

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2018

J Vet Sci

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Herpesvirus infections in Cervidae are a serious threat affecting some deer species worldwide. In our attempt to identify malignant catarrhal fever-associated herpesviruses in deer herds, ten gammaherpesviral DNA fragments were identified in five species of deer in herds in China by using a pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction assay targeting viral DNA polymerase. Notably, in sambar (Rusa unicolor), a novel gamma-2 herpesvirus was identified that showed a close relationship with fallow deer lymphotropic herpesvirus (LHV), while the other fragments were phylogenetically grouped together with Elk-LHV. Determination of whether these viruses have any clinical implication in these deer species should be undertaken urgently.

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Detection of a novel gammaherpesvirus (genus Rhadinovirus) in wild muntjac deer in Northern Ireland

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular survey of selected viruses in Pudus ( Pudu puda ) in Chile revealing first identification of caprine herpesvirus—2 (CpHV-2) in South American ungulates

Molecular survey of selected viruses in Pudus ( Pudu puda ) in Chile revealing first identification of caprine herpesvirus—2 (CpHV-2) in South American ungulates

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia

Evidence of two genetically different lymphotropic herpesviruses present among red deer, sambar, and milu herds in China

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