Detection of a chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy, August to September 2017

Venturi, Giulietta; Luca, Marco Di; Fortuna, Claudia; Remoli, Maria Elena; Riccardo, Flavia; Severini, Francesco; Toma, Luciano; Manso, Martina Del; Benedetti, Eleonora; Caporali, Maria; Amendola, Antonello; Fiorentini, Cristiano; Liberato, Claudio De; Giammattei, Roberto; Romi, Roberto; Pezzotti, Patrizio; Rezza, Giovanni; Rizzo, Caterina

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.39.17-00646

Cited by 176 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Three outbreaks in France and two in Italy between 2007–2017 highlight the risk of autochthonous CHIKV transmission in Europe [6-10]. Notably, these sites were all characterised by time periods of over 120 days allowing CHIKV transmission per year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at least two European CHIKV outbreaks in France (2010) and in Italy (2017) were caused by virus strains without this specific mutation [8,10]. Further mutations might have a similar relevance for the probability of transmission in Europe [9,10]. Potential candidates are adaptive mutations in the E2 envelope glycoprotein (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, all CHIKV strains isolated during outbreaks in Europe belonged to the ECSA lineage. However, some of the isolates contained the E1-A226V-mutation [6-8], whereas others did not [9,10]. Therefore, other yet undefined mutations in the envelope proteins may also affect the adaptation of CHIKV to Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus circulated in France in 2010 [9], 2014 [7] and 2017 [8], and two major outbreaks occurred in Italy in 2007 [6] and 2017 [10]. In total, at least 605 human CHIKV cases were reported, the majority in the two epidemics in Italy (n = 575) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental risk assessment for chikungunya virus transmission based on vector competence, distribution and temperature suitability in Europe, 2018

Heitmann¹,

Jansen

Lühken

et al. 2018

Eurosurveillance

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BackgroundOver the last decade, the abundant distribution of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus in southern Europe and the import of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by infected travellers has resulted in at least five local outbreaks of chikungunya fever in France and Italy. Considering the ongoing spread of Ae. albopictus to central Europe, we performed an analysis of the Europe-wide spatial risk of CHIKV transmission under different temperature conditions. Methods: Ae. albopictus specimens from Germany and Italy were orally infected with CHIKV from an outbreak in France and kept for two weeks at 18 °C, 21 °C or 24 °C. A salivation assay was conducted to detect infectious CHIKV. Results: Analyses of mosquito saliva for infectious virus particles demonstrated transmission rates (TRs) of > 35%. Highest TRs of 50% for the mosquito population from Germany were detected at 18 °C, while the Italian population had highest TRs of 63% at 18 °C and 21 °C, respectively. Temperature data indicated a potential risk of CHIKV transmission for extended durations, i.e. sufficiently long time periods allowing extrinsic incubation of the virus. This was shown for areas already colonised by Ae. albopictus, as well as for large parts of central Europe that are not colonised. Conclusion: The current risk of CHIKV transmission in Europe is not primarily restricted by temperature, which allows extrinsic incubation of the virus, but rather by the vector distribution. Accordingly, all European countries with established populations of Ae. albopictus should implement respective entomological surveillance and monitoring systems, as basis for suitable control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental risk assessment for chikungunya virus transmission based on vector competence, distribution and temperature suitability in Europe, 2018

Heitmann¹,

Jansen

Lühken

et al. 2018

Eurosurveillance

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“…In 2007 ( 1 ) and 2017 ( 2 ), local outbreaks of human chikungunya infection occurred in Italy; both outbreaks were caused by the East/Central/South African strain of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Both outbreaks were sustained by the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus , largely established in Italy and other countries in southern Europe ( 3 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Autochthonous Outbreak of Chikungunya, Southern Italy, 2017

Riccardo¹,

Venturi²,

Luca³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Phenotypic and genotypic pyrethroid resistance ofAedes albopictus, with focus on the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Italy

Pichler

Malandruccolo

Serini

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The highly invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus has become a major health concern in temperate areas due to its role as vector of exotic arboviruses. Pyrethroid insecticides represent the main tools for limiting the circulation of such mosquito‐borne viruses. The present work aim to extend previous reports on phenotypic pyrethroid‐resistance in European Ae. albopictus, to identify its genetic basis and to monitor the geographical distribution of resistant genotypes, with a particular focus on sites experiencing the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Italy. RESULTS Bioassays, performed according to World Health Organization protocols, showed full susceptibility to deltamethrin (concentration = 0.05%) and varying levels of resistance to permethrin (0.75%) and/or α‐cypermethrin (0.05%) across Italy, with highest levels in the core of the 2017 chikungunya outbreak. Partial genotyping of the VSSC gene revealed widespread distribution of V1016G mutation and confirmed its association with pyrethroid resistance. CONCLUSION The results obtained show that the condition for the spread of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. albopictus in Europe exists under strong selective pressure due to intensive insecticide spraying to control exotic arbovirus outbreak or high levels of nuisance. The results draw attention to the need for an evidence‐based implementation of mosquito nuisance control, taking insecticide resistance management into consideration. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Detection of a chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy, August to September 2017

Cited by 176 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental risk assessment for chikungunya virus transmission based on vector competence, distribution and temperature suitability in Europe, 2018

Experimental risk assessment for chikungunya virus transmission based on vector competence, distribution and temperature suitability in Europe, 2018

Secondary Autochthonous Outbreak of Chikungunya, Southern Italy, 2017

Phenotypic and genotypic pyrethroid resistance ofAedes albopictus, with focus on the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Italy

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