Detection of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant in Various Aerosol Matrixes by Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Steiner, Wes E.; Klopsch, Steve J.; English, William A.; Clowers, Brian H.; Hill, Herbert H.

doi:10.1021/ac050278f

Cited by 210 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…They include dye solubility (detection paper), enzymatic reaction, gas-solid-phase reaction, surface acoustic wave (SAW), flame photometry (FPD), and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [1][2][3][4]. These detectors, although small and relatively easy to use in the field, offer only limited chemical specificity and sensitivity, and they are prone to false-positive responses [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Contreras

Murray

Tolley³

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

238

156

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A novel gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) based on a miniature toroidal ion trap mass analyzer (TMS) and a low thermal mass GC is described. The TMS system has an effective mass/charge (m/z) range of 50-442 with mass resolution at full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 0.55 at m/z 91 and 0.80 at m/z 222. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber mounted in a simple syringe-style holder is used for sample collection and introduction into a specially designed low thermal mass GC injection port. This portable GC-TMS system weighs <13 kg (28 lb), including batteries and helium carrier gas cartridge, and is totally self-contained within dimensions of 47 X 36 X 18 em (18.5 X 14 X 7 in.). System start-up takes about 3 min and sample analysis with library matching typically takes about 5 min, including time for column cool-down. Peak power consumption during sample analysis is about 80 W. Battery power and helium supply cartridges allow 50 and 100 consecutive analyses, respectively. Both can be easily replaced. An on-board library of target analytes is used to provide detection and identification of chemical compounds based on their characteristic retention times and mass spectra. The GC-TMS can detect 200 pg of methyl salicylate on-column. n-Butylbenzene and naphthalene can be detected at a concentration of 100 ppt in water from solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis of the headspace. The GC-TMS system has been designed to easily make measurements in a variety of complex and harsh environments. and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), is a concern, the ability to rapidly detect and accurately identify such chemicals in harsh environments is of great utility. There is a need for field-portable, selective, and sensitive detectors for military and emergency first-responder operations and for on-site environmental contamination measurement, to mention only a couple of key applications. The development of fieldportable devices directed toward fast, on-site analysis is one of the most active research areas in analytical chemistry.Currently, several approaches for detection of CWAs and TICs are utilized by military personnel, first responders, and environmental scientists. They include dye solubility (detection paper), enzymatic reaction,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Contreras

Murray

Tolley³

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

238

156

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“…Two papers concentrated on dimethyl (Gunzer et al 2011 ) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (Baether et al 2012a ). DMMP is well known among the IMS community, since it is a simulant substance for the nerve gas Sarin (GB); because of the importance of IMS for chemical warfare agent detection, DMMP has been investigated in a number of papers (Steiner et al 2005, Davis et al 2009 ). The typical strong analyte signals obtained with standard IMS are also obtained with a pulsed IMS.…”

Section: Application Of the Pulsed Electron Gun In Imsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed electron beams in ion mobility spectrometry

Baether¹,

Zimmermann²,

Gunzer³

2012

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Abstract:Ion mobility spectrometry is a well-known technique used to analyze trace gases in ambient air. Typically, it works by employing a radioactive source to provide electrons with high energy to ionize the analytes in a series of chemical reactions. During the past ten years non-radioactive sources have been one of the subjects of interest in ion mobility spectrometry, initially in order to replace radioactive sources as a result of general security and regulatory concerns. Among these non-radioactive sources especially pulsed sources have recently been shown to additionally improve the analytic information provided by ion mobility spectrometers. In this review we will describe the progress regarding the application of pulsed non-radioactive electron sources in ion mobility spectrometry and show the recent analytical advances that have been achieved by using pulsed electron beams.

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“…6 A variety of detection methods for CWAs have been developed including surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, 7 enzymatic assays, 8 electrochemistry, 9 interferometry 10 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 11 However, all the methods presented at least one of the following limitations; low responses, lack of specificity, limited selectivity, low sensitivity, operational complexity, non-portability, difficulties in real-time monitoring and false positive readings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents' detection

et al. 2007

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The ease of production, the extreme toxicity of organophosphorus-containing nerve agents, and their facile use in terrorism attacks underscores the need to develop accurate systems to detect these chemicals. Among different technologies we review here recent advances in the design of chromo-fluorogenic methods for the specific detection of nerve agents. Optical sensing (especially colorimetric detection) requires usually low-cost and widely used instrumentation and offers the possibility of so-called ''naked eye detection''. Recent reported examples suggest that the application of chromo-fluorogenic supramolecular concepts for the chromogenic or fluorogenic sensing of nerve agents might be an area of increasing interest that would allow developing systems able to overcome some of the limitations shown by classical analytical methods.

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Detection of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant in Various Aerosol Matrixes by Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 210 publications

References 24 publications

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Hand-portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (GC-TMS) for detection of hazardous compounds

Pulsed electron beams in ion mobility spectrometry

Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents' detection

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