Detection of 1.4 μg/m<sup>3</sup> Na<sup>+</sup> in aerosol at a 30 m distance using 1 kHz femtosecond laser filamentation in air

Zhang, Zhi; Zhang, Nan; Wang, Yuezheng; Xie, Bofu; Xiang, Yuyan; Guo, Jiewei; Shang, Binpeng; Guo, Li; Zhao, Xing; Xie, MaoQiang; Lin, Li; Liu, Weiwei

doi:10.1364/oe.481577

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…2023, 15, 4004 2 of 14 recombination of generated free electrons with ions. For example, in an aqueous solution of table salt (sodium chloride), the spectral doublet of sodium with wavelengths near 590 nm possesses the highest emission intensity, which has been reported in many experiments on laser-induced femtosecond spectroscopy of model marine aerosols [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Importantly, the threshold for laser plasma formation in a spherical microparticle, in addition to the physical and chemical properties of particle substances, also depends on the parameters of the laser radiation (wavelength and pulse duration).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Geints

2023

Remote Sensing

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Femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence (FLIF) and femtosecond laser-induced optical breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) are important tools for remote diagnostics of atmospheric aerosols using LiDAR (Light Identification Detection and Ranging) technology. They are based on light emission excitation in disperse media via multiphoton nonlinear processes in aerosol particles induced by high-power optical pulses. To date, the main challenge restraining the large-scale application of FLIF and FIBS in atmospheric studies is the lack of a valued theory of the stimulated light emission in liquid microparticles with a sufficiently broad range of sizes. In this paper, we fill this gap and present a theoretical model of dye water droplet emission under high intensity laser exposure that adequately simulates the processes of multiphoton excited fluorescence and optical breakdown plasma emission in microparticles and gives quantitative estimates of the angular and power characteristics of nonlinear emission. The model is based on the numerical solution to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations for stimulating (primary) and nonlinear (secondary) waves provided by the random nature of molecule emission in particles. We show that droplet fluorescence stimulated by multiphoton absorption generally becomes more intense with increasing particle size. Moreover, far-field plasma emission from liquid particles demonstrates a larger angular diversity when changing the droplet radius in comparison with multiphoton excited fluorescence, which is mainly due to the excitation of the internal optical field resonances in spherical particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Geints

2023

Remote Sensing

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“…Under optimized conditions, Na aerosol measurements have been conducted from up to 70 m away 256 and repeated at lower concentrations (1.4 µg/m 3) from 30 m away. 257 Furthermore, conditional analysis can also be applied for filament measurements as in Figure 8, where a low-concentration Cs aerosol is measured from the side of the filament. However, compared to ns-LPPs or fs-LPPs produced under short-focusing conditions as in Figure 9c, filament-induced excitation is inherently limited by intensity-clamping resulting in weaker emissions.…”

Section: Radioactive Plume and Atmospheric Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The development of measurement methodologies to detect and monitor nuclear-relevant materials remains a consistent and significant interest across the nuclear energy, nonproliferation, safeguards, and forensics communities. Optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic technique to measure radiological and nuclear materials in the field without sample preparation, where current capabilities encompass the standoff, isotopically resolved and phase-identifiable (e.g., UO and UO[Formula: see text]) detection of elements across the periodic table. These methods rely on the process of laser ablation (LA), where a high-powered pulsed laser is used to excite a sample (solid, liquid, or gas) into a luminous microplasma that rapidly undergoes de-excitation through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which serves as a spectroscopic fingerprint for that sample. This review focuses on LA plasmas and spectroscopy for nuclear applications, covering topics from the wide-area environmental sampling and atmospheric sensing of radionuclides to recent implementations of multivariate machine learning methods that work to enable the real-time analysis of spectrochemical measurements with an emphasis on fundamental research and development activities over the past two decades. Background on the physical breakdown mechanisms and interactions of matter with nanosecond and ultrafast laser pulses that lead to the generation of laser-produced microplasmas is provided, followed by a description of the transient spatiotemporal plasma conditions that control the behavior of spectroscopic signatures recorded by analytical methods in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. High-temperature chemical and thermodynamic processes governing reactive LA plasmas are also examined alongside investigations into the condensation pathways of the plasma, which are believed to serve as chemical surrogates for fallout particles formed in nuclear fireballs. Laser-supported absorption waves and laser-induced shockwaves that accompany LA plasmas are also discussed, which could provide insights into atmospheric ionization phenomena from strong shocks following nuclear detonations. Furthermore, the standoff detection of trace radioactive aerosols and fission gases is reviewed in the context of monitoring atmospheric radiation plumes and off-gas streams of molten salt reactors. Finally, concluding remarks will present future outlooks on the role of LA plasma spectroscopy in the nuclear community.

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“…All of these methods make use of the unique properties of filaments, including self-compression, plasma-induced fluorescence, white-light generation, and terahertz wave generation [32]. Regarding the detection of atmospheric pollutants, the use of novel algorithms for data processing can enhance the detection limits of filament-induced plasma spectroscopy; for example, the detection of 1.4 µg/m 3 of Na + in an aerosol at 30 m of distance was reported recently [33]. In multi-component gas detection applications, fluorescence from dissociated methane and acetylene radicals has been used to detect concentrations of 1 part per million (ppm) and 300 parts per billion (ppb), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Laser-Excited Optical Emission of Xe under Loose-Focusing Conditions

Burger,

Latty,

Frigerio

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The optical filament-based radioxenon sensing can potentially overcome the constraints of conventional detection techniques that are relevant for nuclear security applications. This study investigates the spectral signatures of pure xenon (Xe) when excited by ultrafast laser filaments at near-atmosphericpressure and in short and loose-focusing conditions. The two focusing conditions lead to laser intensity differences of several orders of magnitude and different plasma transient behavior. The gaseous sample was excited at atmospheric pressure using ∼7 mJ pulses with a 35 fs pulse duration at 800 nm wavelength. The optical signatures were studied by time-resolved spectrometry and imaging in orthogonal light collection configurations in the ∼400 nm (VIS) and ∼800 nm (NIR) spectral regions. The most prominent spectral lines of atomic Xe are observable in both focusing conditions. An on-axis light collection from an atmospheric air–Xe plasma mixture demonstrates the potential of femtosecond filamentation for the remote sensing of noble gases.

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Detection of 1.4 μg/m³ Na⁺ in aerosol at a 30 m distance using 1 kHz femtosecond laser filamentation in air

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Ultrafast Laser-Excited Optical Emission of Xe under Loose-Focusing Conditions

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Detection of 1.4 μg/m3 Na+ in aerosol at a 30 m distance using 1 kHz femtosecond laser filamentation in air

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Angular Patterns of Nonlinear Emission in Dye Water Droplets Stimulated by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse for LiDAR Applications

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Ultrafast Laser-Excited Optical Emission of Xe under Loose-Focusing Conditions

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Product

Resources

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Detection of 1.4 μg/m³ Na⁺ in aerosol at a 30 m distance using 1 kHz femtosecond laser filamentation in air