Detection Modes with High Temperature Liquid Chromatography—A Review

115

Review Practice and theory of high temperature liquid chromatographyHigh temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) exists in a temperature region beyond ambient (ca. 408C) and below super critical temperatures. The promises of HTLC, such as increased analysis speed, enhanced separation productivity, "green" LC with pure water mobile phases coupled to universal FID detection, and fast analysis of complex samples by combination with fast 2-D techniques, have become an option for routine practice. The focus of this paper is to review the key developments that have made the application of HTLC a practical technique and draw attention to new developments in 2-D techniques that incorporate HTLC that offer an opportunity to vastly increase the usefulness of HPLC for the analysis of complex samples.

Section: Analysis Of Steroids Using Htlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practice and theory of high temperature liquid chromatography

McNeff¹,

Yan

Stoll

et al. 2007

115

“…Thus, the latter can replace a large proportion of the organic solvent in the mobile phase which represents a great advantage (i. e., green chemistry). For example, a separation of steroids with 100% of water at 2008C was performed by Clark [27] in less than 30 s. Retention factors and selectivity can be modified as a function of temperature due to differences of interaction between the analyte and the stationary phase [28]. In order to optimize resolution, column temperature can be modulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast analysis in liquid chromatography using small particle size and high pressure

Nguyen

Guillarme

Rudaz

et al. 2006

301

164

ReviewFast analysis in liquid chromatography using small particle size and high pressureIn order to enhance chromatographic performances in terms of efficiency and rapidity, LC has recently evolved in the development of short columns packed with small particles (sub-2 lm) working at high pressures (A400 bar). This approach has been described 30 years ago according to the fundamental chromatographic equations. However, systems and columns compatible with such high pressures have been introduced in the market in 2004 only. Advantages of small particles working at high pressure will be discussed in terms of sensitivity, efficiency, resolution, and analysis time. Potential problems encountered with high pressure in terms of frictional heating and solvent compressibility will also be discussed even if systems working at a maximum pressure of 1000 bar are not influenced by these parameters and give reliable and reproducible results. Several applications will highlight the potential and interest of this new technology.

“…Besides the column, the choice of an adequate detector is of prime importance for the selected application [12]. UV -Vis spectrophotometry is generally considered as the detection of choice to solve numerous analytical problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications

Russo

Guillarme

Rudaz

et al. 2008

Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications Fast analysis in LC can be performed with sub-2 lm particles at very high pressures (up to 1000 bar) known as ultra performance LC (UPLC). With this configuration, it is possible to obtain fast and/or highly efficient separations compared to conventional LC. For the analysis of compounds without chromophores, the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is an attractive alternative because of its quasi-universality, versatility, low-cost and good sensitivity. The UPLC -ELSD was investigated in terms of sensitivity and apparent efficiency, with a conventional ELSD instrument, for two types of commercially available nebulisers, using different mobile phase flow rates and column ids. Results were finally compared with the UPLC -UV configuration. Three applications with phytochemical compounds were selected to highlight the potential of this approach (i.e. the isocratic separations of artemisinin and its derivatives, of calystegines and the gradient separation of several tropane alkaloids). Depending on the used column length, baseline separations were obtained in 3 -10 min, with an average apparent efficiency ranging from 7000 to 30 000 plates.