Detection in the summer polar stratosphere of pollution plume from East Asia and North America by balloon-borne in situ CO measurements

Krysztofiak, Gisèle; Thiéblemont, Rémi; Huret, Nathalie; Catoire, Valéry; Té, Yao; Jégou, Fabrice; Coheur, Pierre‐François; Clerbaux, Cathy; Payan, Sébastien; Drouin, Marc-Antoine; Robert, C.; Jeseck, Pascal; Attié, J.-L.; Camy‐Peyret, C.

doi:10.5194/acp-12-11889-2012

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Subsequently, OCS is transported poleward by the Brewer-Dobson circulation while being photodissociated. Tropical and midlatitude poleward intrusions of tropospheric air into the extratropical stratosphere are also possible stratospheric sources of OCS (Roiger et al, 2011;Krysztofiak et al, 2012) which possibly explain the various OCS vmr enhancements on the polar profiles.…”

Section:  Latitudinal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere

et al. 2014

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Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulfate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. SPIRALE and SWIR balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropical region and in the Arctic polar region, and ground-based measurements have been performed by QualAir FTS instrument in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study the OCS variability with altitude, latitude and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April-June and a minimum in November-January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several NDACC stations, aircraft, ship and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30 km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with ACE satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using OCS:N 2 O correlation from SPIRALE, OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric

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Section:  Latitudinal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere

et al. 2014

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“…With respect to the above errors, systematic errors on spectroscopic data (essentially molecular line strength and pressure broadening coefficients) are considered to be negligible for these well-studied species (Rothman et al, 2013). SPI-RALE was used routinely during the 2000s, in particular as part of European projects and satellite validation campaigns (Grossel et al, 2010;Mébarki et al, 2010;Krysztofiak et al, 2012Krysztofiak et al, , 2015, and references therein).…”

Section: A2 the Spirale In Situ Infrared Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The major volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 has been shown to have significant effects on stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion even at midlatitudes. Since then, only "moderate" but recurrent volcanic eruptions have modulated the stratospheric aerosol loading and are assumed to be one cause for the reported increase in the global aerosol content over the past 15 years. This particularly enhanced aerosol context raises questions about the effects on stratospheric chemistry which depend on the latitude, altitude and season of injection. In this study, we focus on the midlatitude Sarychev volcano eruption in June 2009, which injected 0.9 Tg of sulfur dioxide (about 20 times less than Pinatubo) into a lower stratosphere mainly governed by high-stratospheric temperatures. Together with in situ measurements of aerosol amounts, we analyse high-resolution in situ and/or remote-sensing observations of NO 2 , HNO 3 and BrO from balloon-borne infrared and UV-visible spectrometers launched in Sweden in August-September 2009. It is shown that differences between observations and threedimensional (3-D) chemistry-transport model (CTM) outputs are not due to transport calculation issues but rather reflect the chemical impact of the volcanic plume below 19 km altitude. Good measurement-model agreement is obtained when the CTM is driven by volcanic aerosol loadings derived from in situ or space-borne data. As a result of enhanced N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in the Sarychev volcanic aerosol conditions, the model calculates reductions of ∼ 45 % and increases of ∼ 11 % in NO 2 and HNO 3 amounts respectively over the August-September 2009 period. The decrease in NO x abundances is limited due to the expected saturation effect for high aerosol loadings. The links between the various chemical catalytic cycles involving chlorine, bromine, nitrogen and HO x compounds in the lower stratosphere are discussed. The increased BrO amounts (∼ 22 %) compare rather well with the balloon-borne observations when volcanic aerosol levels are accounted for in the CTM and appear to be mainly controlled by the coupling with nitrogen chemistry rather than by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. We show Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2230G. Berthet et al.: Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere that the chlorine partitioning is significantly controlled by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. However, simulated effects of the Sarychev eruption on chlorine activation are very limited in the high-temperature conditions in the stratosphere in the period considered, inhibiting the effect of ClONO 2 hydrolysis. As a consequence, the simulated chemical ozone loss due to the Sarychev aerosols is low with a reduction of −22 ppbv (−1.5 %) of the ozone budget around 16 km. This is at least 10 times lower than the maximum ozone depletion from chemical processes (up to −20 %) reported in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere over the first year following the Pinatubo erupti...

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“…Any questions concerning this current database or the scheduled SPIRIT aircraft measurements in the future are welcomed; please contact the corresponding author. Furthermore, there are also CO measurements on aircraft and balloon platforms referenced in AERIS database, such as in situ measurements during StraPolÉté in 2009 (Krysztofiak et al, 2012) and off-line AirCore measurements in 2017 (Hooghiem et al, 2020).…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A database of aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) with high temporal and spatial resolution during 2011–2021

Xue,

Krysztofiak,

Brocchi

et al. 2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. To understand tropospheric air pollution at regional and global scales, the SPIRIT (SPectromètre Infra-Rouge In situ Toute altitude) airborne instrument was developed and used on aircraft to measure volume mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO), an important indicator of air pollution, during the last decade. SPIRIT provides high-quality CO measurements with 1σ precision of 0.3 ppbv at a time resolution of 1.6 s thanks to the coupling of a quantum cascade laser to a Robert optical multi-pass cell. It can be operated on different aircraft such as Falcon-20 and ATR-42 from the German Aerospace Agency (DLR) and from SAFIRE (CNRS-CNES-Météo France). With support from various projects, measurements were taken for more than 200 flight hours over three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa), including two intercontinental transects (Europe–Asia and Europe–Africa). Levels of CO and its spatial distribution are briefly discussed and compared between different regions/continents. CO generally decreases with altitude except in some cases, indicating the important contribution of long-distance transport to CO levels. A 3D trajectory mapped by CO level was plotted for each flight and is presented in this study (which includes a Supplement). The database is archived in the AERIS database (https://doi.org/10.25326/440), the French national center for atmospheric observations (Catoire et al., 2023). In addition, it could help to validate model performance and satellite measurements. For instance, the database covers measurements at high-latitude regions (i.e., Kiruna, Sweden, 68∘ N), where satellite measurements are still challenging, and at low-latitude regions (West Africa and Southeast Asia), where in situ data are scarce and satellites need more validation by airborne measurements.

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Detection in the summer polar stratosphere of pollution plume from East Asia and North America by balloon-borne in situ CO measurements

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere

Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

A database of aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) with high temporal and spatial resolution during 2011–2021

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