Detection electrodes for electrophoresis

Verheggen, Tpem Theo; Ballegooijen, van Ec; Massen, CH Carel; Everaerts, FM Frans

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92966-2

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…They were developed already in 1970s for CITP [5,6], which was the first electromigration technique performed in the capillary format. The platinum microwire electrodes (od 0.05 mm) were sealed in the thin microholes, which were cut out in the walls of PTFE capillaries (id/od 0.45/0.7 mm).…”

Section: Contact Conductivity Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first conductivity detectors used in the CE methods had the electrodes in contact with the BGE. They were developed already in the 1970s for capillary ITP (CITP) [5,6]. They have been much more sensitive than the previously used temperature detectors but their great disadvantage was that during the electromigration passage through the detector the BGE constituents and sample components interacted electrochemically or by a simple adsorp-tion with the surface of the electrodes, which caused defects and low reproducibility of the detection signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Šolínová

Kašička²

2006

J of Separation Science

137

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The review provides a comprehensive survey of the recent applications of contact and contactless conductivity detection in capillary electrophoretic and chip electrophoretic analyses of a broad scale of compounds, from low-molecular-mass highly mobile small inorganic and organic ions, via medium-molecular-mass peptides and oligo- and polynucleotides up to high-molecular-mass biopolymers, proteins and nucleic acids fragments. The review presents also the recent developments in the construction of different types of conductivity detectors (detectors with galvanic contact of the sensing electrodes with the BGE and sample components, contactless conductivity detectors with capacitively coupled tubular and semitubular electrodes and combined conductivity/optical detectors) applied in the capillary electromigration methods performed in classical fused silica, polytetrafluorethylene, and polyetheretherketone capillaries or on glass and polymethylmethacrylate microchips. In addition, the principle and theoretical bases of conductivity detection in capillary electromigration techniques, zone electrophoresis, ITP, micellar EKC, and electrochromatography are briefly described.

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Section: Contact Conductivity Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Šolínová

Kašička²

2006

J of Separation Science

137

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“…Further improvements in cITP/NMR instrumentation will greatly facilitate its application. The addition of other on-line detectors such as ultraviolet/visible absorption, diode arrays, conductivity detectors, potential gradient detectors, , and MS to cITP/NMR will afford complementary data. For complete structural assignment, cITP/NMR probes capable of conducting 1 H− 13 C heteronuclear multidimensional experiments can be constructed. , As a further enhancement for natural product analysis, the addition of a sample collector at the outlet end of the cITP/NMR separation channel will enable off-line bioassays in conjunction with structural identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of a Neurotoxin from Calliostoma canaliculatum by On-Line Capillary Isotachophoresis/H NMR and Diffusion ¹H NMR

2005

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NMR spectroscopy has been coupled on-line to capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) to enhance structural analyses of dilute charged species through separation and sample concentration. Microcoils, the most mass-sensitive NMR probes available, provide optimal detection for cITP/NMR. To evaluate the utility of cITP/NMR for natural product analysis, a homogenate of the hypobranchial gland from the marine snail Calliostoma canaliculatum containing a cationic neurotoxin (1, a disulfide-bonded dimer of 6-bromo-2-mercaptotryptamine) was studied. For comparison, hypobranchial gland homogenate was also examined by diffusion-NMR, an alternative approach for NMR mixture analysis. cITP/NMR concentrated the neurotoxin by almost 20-fold and isolated it from some of the other components present in the matrix. However, a minor component, likely a precursor or degradant, co-migrated with compound 1. Diffusion-NMR also did not resolve the two, indicating that the compounds possessed similar diffusion coefficients and electrophoretic mobilities. The strengths and limitations of the two approaches for NMR mixture analysis are discussed.

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“…In 1964, Davis et al. proposed the online ITP stacking for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis relied on the concept of the moving boundary system . In the 1970s, Boček et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different sample stacking methods have been developed for sensitivity increase in electrophoresis. In 1964, Davis et al proposed the online ITP stacking for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis relied on the concept of the moving boundary system [1][2][3]. In the 1970s, Boček et al designed the ITP stacking for sensitivity improvement of metal ions and drugs in CE [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online stacking of carboxylated magnetite core–shell nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis

Baron

Dolanská

Medříková

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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The stacking effect on carboxylated magnetite core-shell nanoparticles using sodium borate buffer pH 9.5 as the background electrolyte is presented. The ionic strength of the background electrolyte ranged from 5 to 100 mM, and the ionic strength of a sample zone ranged from 5 to 100 mM. Moreover, water was used as the sample dispersant. Both stacking and de-stacking effects were observed when conductivities of the sample zone and the background electrolyte differed. An explanation of carboxylated magnetic core-shell nanoparticles behavior was suggested based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory supposing that the aggregation point is defined by the energetic barrier as the sum of energies given by electrostatic interactions and Van der Waals interactions. Moreover, the stacking conditions were applied for the evaluation of the lowest detectable dilution of magnetic nanoparticles. The carboxylated magnetic nanoparticles were dispersed in 10 mM borate/NaOH pH 9.5 and injected for 60 s to the background electrolyte composed of 100 mM borate/NaOH pH 9.5 that allowed the detection of 100-fold diluted nanoparticles.

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Detection electrodes for electrophoresis

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Comparative Analysis of a Neurotoxin from Calliostoma canaliculatum by On-Line Capillary Isotachophoresis/H NMR and Diffusion ¹H NMR

Online stacking of carboxylated magnetite core–shell nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis

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Detection electrodes for electrophoresis

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Recent applications of conductivity detection in capillary and chip electrophoresis

Comparative Analysis of a Neurotoxin from Calliostoma canaliculatum by On-Line Capillary Isotachophoresis/H NMR and Diffusion 1H NMR

Online stacking of carboxylated magnetite core–shell nanoparticles in capillary electrophoresis

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Resources

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Comparative Analysis of a Neurotoxin from Calliostoma canaliculatum by On-Line Capillary Isotachophoresis/H NMR and Diffusion ¹H NMR