Detection-efficiency loophole and the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem

Dutta, Arijit; Pawłowski, Marcin; Żukowski, Marek

doi:10.1103/physreva.91.042125

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…al. [115] point out that that, since L µ j n j=1 is always nonzero regardless of how small the detector inefficiency is, you can never get a definitive confirmation of ψ-ontology from a practical experiment. If the aim of such an experiment is to definitively rule out the possibility of a ψ-epistemic model, then any nonzero detector inefficiency immediately makes this impossible.…”

Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…al. [115]. The first criticism, discussed in §7.7.2, is a claim that the ψ-ontic/ψ-epistemic distinction is merely conventional because one kind of model can be converted into a structurally equivalent model of the other kind.…”

Section: Other Criticisms Of the Pusey-barrett-rudolph Theoremmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. [115] have raised an objection to the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem based on detector inefficiency. Here is not the place to go over the fine details of experimental error analysis, but it is worth taking a little time to explain what a practical test of a ψ-ontology theorem can be expected to show, so that we can deal with this more easily.…”

Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. [115] have been mislead by the way that detector inefficiencies are dealt with in experimental tests of Bell's theorem. In that case, one is looking for a definitive yes/no test of whether a model satisfying Bell's locality condition can account for the experimental probabilities and, in that case, there is indeed a sharp detection efficiency above which such local models can be definitively ruled out [120].…”

Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Is the Quantum State Real? An Extended Review of ψ-ontology Theorems

Leifer

2014

Quanta

300

357

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T owards the end of 2011, Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph derived a theorem that aimed to show that the quantum state must be ontic (a state of reality) in a broad class of realist approaches to quantum theory. This result attracted a lot of attention and controversy. The aim of this review article is to review the background to the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph Theorem, to provide a clear presentation of the theorem itself, and to review related work that has appeared since the publication of the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph paper. In particular, this review: Explains what it means for the quantum state to be ontic or epistemic (a state of knowledge); Reviews arguments for and against an ontic interpretation of the quantum state as they existed prior to the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph Theorem; Explains why proving the reality of the quantum state is a very strong constraint on realist theories in that it would imply many of the known no-go theorems, such as Bell's Theorem and the need for an exponentially large ontic state space; Provides a comprehensive presentation of the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph Theorem itself, along with subsequent improvements and criticisms of its assumptions; Reviews two other arguments for the reality of the quantum state: the first due to Hardy and the second due to Colbeck and Renner, and explains why their assumptions are less compelling than those of the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph Theorem; Reviews subsequent work aimed at ruling out stronger notions of what it means for the quantum state to be epistemic and points out open questions in this area. The overall aim is not only to provide the background needed for the novice in this area to understand the current status, but also to discuss often overlooked subtleties that should be of interest to the experts. Quanta 2014; 3: 67-155.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY-3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Quanta |

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Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Other Criticisms Of the Pusey-barrett-rudolph Theoremmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detector Inefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is the Quantum State Real? An Extended Review of ψ-ontology Theorems

Leifer

2014

Quanta

300

357

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“…For the purposes of illustration, here λ is represented as a discrete space, although it is often thought of as a continuous space, as in equation (1). always correspond to a projective measurement (and it is very important that the measurement has only 3 outcomes [34]). Importantly, no such property guarantees that the search over  will return pure states.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards optimal experimental tests on the reality of the quantum state

Knee¹

2017

New J. Phys.

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The Barrett-Cavalcanti-Lal-Maroney (BCLM) argument stands as the most effective means of demonstrating the reality of the quantum state. Its advantages include being derived from very few assumptions, and a robustness to experimental error. Finding the best way to implement the argument experimentally is an open problem, however, and involves cleverly choosing sets of states and measurements. I show that techniques from convex optimisation theory can be leveraged to numerically search for these sets, which then form a recipe for experiments that allow for the strongest statements about the ontology of the wavefunction to be made. The optimisation approach presented is versatile, efficient and can take account of the finite errors present in any real experiment. I find significantly improved low-cardinality sets which are guaranteed partially optimal for a BCLM test in low Hilbert space dimension. I further show that mixed states can be more optimal than pure states. 2The ontic state λ, therefore, stands for a variable sufficient to screen off the preparation μ from the measurement ξ. As long as (1) is satisfied, tracing over the ontic states leaves the 'correct' conditional probabilities à la the Born

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Experimental test of the no-go theorem for continuous ψ-epistemic models

Liao

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Quantum states are the key mathematical objects in quantum theory; however, there is still much debate concerning what a quantum state truly represents. One such century-old debate is whether a quantum state is ontic or epistemic. Recently, a no-go theorem was proposed, stating that the continuous ψ-epistemic models cannot reproduce the measurement statistic of quantum states. Here we experimentally test this theorem with high-dimensional single photon quantum states without additional assumptions except for the fair-sampling assumption. Our experimental results reproduce the prediction of quantum theory and support the no-go theorem.

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Detection-efficiency loophole and the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Is the Quantum State Real? An Extended Review of ψ-ontology Theorems

Is the Quantum State Real? An Extended Review of ψ-ontology Theorems

Towards optimal experimental tests on the reality of the quantum state

Experimental test of the no-go theorem for continuous ψ-epistemic models

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