Detection and Quantitation of Multiple Volatile Compounds in Tissues by GC and GC/MS

Bellanca, Joseph A.; Davis, Paulette L.; Donnelly, Brian; Cortivo, Leo A. Dal; Weinberg, Seth H.

doi:10.1093/jat/6.5.238

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MIBK has been analyzed by gas chromatography (DiVincenzo, Kaplan, and Dedinas 1976;Raccio and Widomski 1981;Fernandes 1985;Cobb and Braman 1991), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (EPA 1973;Moshlakova and Indina 1986), gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (Zlatkis and Liebich 1971;Bellanca et al 1982;Weller and Wolf 1989), high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (Clair, Tua, and Simian 1991), and infrared spectroscopy (Committee of Revision of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sato and Nakajima (1987) reported the following partition coefficients for MIBK: 90 (MIBK into blood), 79 (MIBK into water), and 926 (MIBK into oil). Bellanca et al (1982) reported that MIBK was detected in the brain, liver, lung, vitreous fluid, kidney, and blood (at concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 0.52 and 0.04 to 0.22 mg/ 100 g, respectively) in workers who died after exposure to several volatile organic solvents during spray painting.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Safety Assessment of MIBK (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone)1

Johnson¹

2004

Int J Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MIBK (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone) is an aliphatic ketone that functions as both a denaturant and solvent in cosmetic products. Current use in cosmetic products is very limited, but MIBK is reported to be used in one nail correction pen (volume = 3 ml) at a concentration of 21%. The maximum percutaneous absorption rate in guinea pigs is 1.1 µmol/min/cm 2 at 10 to 45 min. Metabolites include 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (oxidation product) and 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4-MPOL) (reduction product). Values for the serum half-life and total clearance time of MIBK in animals were 66 min and 6 h, respectively. In clinical tests, most of the absorbed MIBK had been eliminated from the body 90 min post exposure. MIBK was not toxic via the oral or dermal route of exposure in acute, short-term, or subchronic animal studies, except that nephrotoxicity was observed in rats dosed with 1 g/kg in a short-term study. MIBK was an ocular and skin irritant in animal tests. Ocular irritation was noted in 12 volunteers exposed to 200 ppm MIBK for 15 min in a clinical test. A depression of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex was seen with intravenous infusion of MIBK (in an emulsion)at 30 µM/kg/min in female rats. The no-observed-effect level in rats exposed orally to MIBK was 50 mg/kg. Both gross and microscopic evidence of lung damage were reported in acute inhalation toxicity studies in animals. Short-term and subchronic inhalation exposures (as low as 100 ppm) produced effects in the kidney and liver that were species and sex dependent. Dermal doses of 300 or 600 mg/kg for 4 months in rats produced reduced mitotic activity in hair follicles, increased thickness of horny and granular cell layers of the epidermis, a decrease in the number of reactive centers in follicles (spleen), an increase in the number of iron-containing pigments in the area of the red pulp (spleen), and a reduction in the lipid content of the cortical layer of the adrenal glands. Neuropathological changes in the most distal portions of the tibial and ulnar nerves were observed in young adult rats which inhaled 1500 ppm MIBK for up to 5 months. No adverse effects were seen in any other neurological end point by any route of exposure in other studies using rats or other animal species. Clinical tests demonstrated a threshold for MIBK-induced irritation of the lungs at 0.03 to 0.1 mg/L after 1 min of respiration. MIBK was not mutagenic in the Ames test or in a mitotic gene-conversion assay in bacteria. Mammalian mutagenicity test results were also negative in the following assays: mouse lymphoma, unscheduled DNA synthesis, micronucleus, cell transformation, and chromosome damage. MIBK did not induce any treatment-related increases in embryotoxicity or fetal malformations in pregnant Fischer 344 rats or CD-1 mice that inhaled MIBK at concentrations of 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm. There was evidence of treatment-related maternal toxicity only at the highest concentration tested. MIBK applied to the tail of rats daily at doses of 300 or 600 mg/kg for 4 months produced changes in the t...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of MIBK (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone)1

Johnson¹

2004

Int J Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brain, liver, lung, kidney, and blood samples of individuals who died following occupational exposure to several organic solvents were analyzed using a combination of capillary columns (Bellanca et al, 1982). Brain, liver, lung, kidney, and blood samples of individuals who died following occupational exposure to several organic solvents were analyzed using a combination of capillary columns (Bellanca et al, 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATSDR Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. V. Xylenes: Health Effects, Toxicokinetics, Human Exposure, and Environmental Fate

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public.

show abstract

“…For general reviews, the reader is referred to [27][28][29]. As concerns the individual groups of toxicologically relevant substances, CGC has been used for detection of volatiles [30][31][32], hypnotic and antiepileptic drugs [33][34][35][36], basic drugs, particularly narcotics [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and environmental pollutants [45]. Particularly in clinical and forensic drug screening, unequivocal identification of substances is very important.…”

Section: Systematic Toxicological Forensic Analysis (Stfa)--detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials of capillary gas chromatography in toxicology today

Bogusz¹,

Dezeeuw

Franke

1984

Z Rechtsmed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The usefulness, the applicability and the limitations of capillary gas chromatography in various types of toxicological analysis were discussed. Technical parameters of capillary gas chromatography, such as type of injector, type of column with regard to material, size, and stationary phase were assessed in view of the requirements of toxicological analysis. The main advantage of capillary gas chromatography, i.e. high separation power, is unfortunately counterbalanced by low loadability and/or speed of analysis. In the present situation capillary gas chromatography is a method of choice in drug screening despite some disadvantages, but in drug-oriented analysis the conventional chromatography on packed; columns is probably more useful.

show abstract

Detection and Quantitation of Multiple Volatile Compounds in Tissues by GC and GC/MS

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Safety Assessment of MIBK (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone)1

Safety Assessment of MIBK (Methyl Isobutyl Ketone)1

ATSDR Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. V. Xylenes: Health Effects, Toxicokinetics, Human Exposure, and Environmental Fate

Potentials of capillary gas chromatography in toxicology today

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About