Detection and quantification of warfarin in pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human plasma using surface enhanced Raman scattering

Sultan, M. S.; El‐Alamin, Maha M. Abou; Wark, Alastair W.; Azab, Marwa M.

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2019.117533

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…High-molecular-weight poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), tetradodecylammonium chloride (TDDA), (2-nitrophenyloctylether (o-NPOE), tetra-hydro-furan (THF), and warfarin were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Etha- Various instrumental analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography with the use of various detectors [15][16][17], capillary electrophoresis [18], spectrophotometry [19], surface-enhanced Raman scattering [20], and luminescence spectrometry [21], have been applied for the determination of warfarin in blood, serum, and urine, although there is a noticeable dearth of measurements in whole blood. These techniques are time-consuming and often require extensive sample pretreatment.…”

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensor for the Direct Determination of Warfarin in Blood

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Detecting warfarin levels in the blood is of critical importance in anticoagulant therapy because it is imperative that the concentration of the drug is maintained within a specific range. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept of a novel sensing device based on ion-selective electrode (ISE) technology for the direct detection of warfarin in blood samples without any sample pretreatment. We used tetradodecylammonium chloride (TDDA) as an ion-exchanger to fabricate an ion-selective membrane. The ISE we developed showed high sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.25 × 10−7 M and 1.4 × 10−5 M for detecting warfarin in buffer and blood, respectively. The sensor also exhibited promising selectivity in identifying the presence of various ions including chloride and salicylate, the most abundant ions in blood with a calibration slope of 58.8 mV/dec. We envision combining the ISE with a microfluidic system and a simple potentiometer to produce a sensitive, selective, and portable point-of-care testing device for monitoring the level of warfarin in patients’ blood during treatment.

show abstract

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensor for the Direct Determination of Warfarin in Blood

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has high sensitivity that can be applied to rapidly screen trace drugs in biological fluid [10][11][12]. The Raman scattering of target molecules can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude when they are adsorbed on nanoparticles and motivated by incident light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Strategy of Carbamazepine in Serum by Using Coffee-Ring Effect Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Zhu

et al. 2022

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has a narrow therapeutic concentration range, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for its safe and effective individualized medication. This study aims to develop a procedure for CBZ detection in serum using coffee-ring effect assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Silver nanoparticles deposited onto silicon wafers were used as the SERS-active material. Surface treatment optimization of the silicon wafers and the liquid–liquid extraction method were conducted to eliminate the influence of impurities on the silicon wafer surface and the protein matrix. The proposed detection procedure allows for the fast determination of CBZ in artificially spiked serum samples within a concentration range of 2.5–40 μg·mL−1, which matches the range of the drug concentrations in the serum after oral medication. The limit of detection for CBZ was found to be 0.01 μg·mL–1. The developed method allowed CBZ and its metabolites to be ultimately distinguished from real serum samples. The developed method is anticipated to be a potential tool for monitoring other drug concentrations.

show abstract

“…However, this method cannot be used for the accurate quantification of the drug concentration in the sample [17,18]. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical tool that can be used for the rapid screening of drugs in biological fluid [19][20][21]. In SERS, the Raman emission of analyte molecules is enhanced by several orders of magnitude when they are adsorbed onto the nanostructures of a noble metal and excited by incident light (excitation beam).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Assay for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Edoxaban

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Edoxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that has been recently indicated for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to its pharmacokinetic variability and a narrow therapeutic index, the safe administration of the drug requires its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients receiving the treatment. In this work, we present a label-free method for the TDM of edoxaban by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The new method utilises the thiol chemistry of the drug to chemisorb its molecules onto a highly sensitive SERS substrate. This leads to the formation of efficient hotspots and a strong signal enhancement of the drug Raman bands, thus negating the need for a Raman reporter for its SERS quantification. The standard samples were run with a concentration range of 1.4 × 10−4 M to 10−12 M using a mobile phase comprising of methanol/acetonitrile (85:15 v/v) at 291 nm followed by the good linearity of R2 = 0.997. The lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) by the SERS method was experimentally determined to be 10−12 M, whereas LOQ for HPLC-UV was 4.5 × 10−7 M, respectively. The new method was used directly and in a simple HPLC-SERS assembly to detect the drug in aqueous solutions and in spiked human blood plasma down to 1 pM. Therefore, the SERS method has strong potential for the rapid screening of the drug at pathology labs and points of care.

show abstract

Detection and quantification of warfarin in pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human plasma using surface enhanced Raman scattering

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Electrochemical Sensor for the Direct Determination of Warfarin in Blood

Electrochemical Sensor for the Direct Determination of Warfarin in Blood

A Rapid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Strategy of Carbamazepine in Serum by Using Coffee-Ring Effect Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Rapid Assay for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Edoxaban

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About