Detection and quantification of rail contact fatigue cracks in rails using ACFM technology

Papaelias, Mayorkinos; Roberts, Clive; Davis, Claire; Lugg, Martin; Smith, Martin A.

doi:10.1784/insi.2008.50.7.364

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Novel NDE techniques that are currently under different stages of development for the high-speed inspection of rails are discussed next. These include long-range ultrasonics [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72], alternating current field measurement (ACFM) sensors [73][74][75], electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], laser ultrasonics [86][87][88][89], ultrasonic phased arrays [89][90][91][92][93], acoustic emission (AE) [94][95][96], acoustic emission pulsing (AEP) [18] and magnetic anomaly distortion (MAD) [18]. Most of these techniques have been already developed enough to be used in portable systems or to be installed on hi-rail vehicles for the inspection of rails at speeds up to 15 km/h.…”

Section: Novel Inspection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on non-destructive evaluation of rails: State-of-the-art and future development

Papaelias

Roberts

Davis

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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266

156

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Rails are systematically inspected for internal and surface defects using various non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. During the manufacturing process, rails are inspected using automated optical cameras and eddy current sensing systems for any surface damage, while the presence of internal defects is assessed through ultrasonic inspection. Similarly, ultrasonic transducers and magnetic induction sensors have been extensively used by the rail industry for the inspection of rails in-service. More recently, automated vision techniques and hybrid systems based on the simultaneous use of pulsed eddy current probes and conventional ultrasonic probes have been introduced for the high-speed inspection of rail tracks. Other NDE techniques, such as electromagnetic acoustic transducers, laser ultrasonics, guided waves, and alternating current field measurement probes, are also under development for application in the rail industry. This paper comprehensively reviews NDE methodologies in use around Europe and North America for rail defect detection. This includes a detailed overview of the background theory and the techniques used to incorporate condition data into maintenance procedures. It also presents a review of the current state-of-the-art in NDE of railways coupled with a discussion of future developments and novel inspection methodologies in the field.

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Section: Novel Inspection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on non-destructive evaluation of rails: State-of-the-art and future development

Papaelias

Roberts

Davis

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

Self Cite

266

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1(b). It is similar to the ACFM or MFL structure using excitation coil and yoke [2,3] . The structure characteristics and physical mechanism of the ferrite-yoke based PIT for uniform induction heating are introduced below.…”

Section: Ferrite-yoke Based Pulsed Induction Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large number of magnetic flux intersect sample at the area between two poles of ferrite-yoke for induction heating. According to the ACFM [2] , there is a relative uniform distribution area of applied magnetic flux and eddy current in sample between two poles of ferrite-yoke. Through stimulating relative uniform magnetic flux and eddy current in this area, the proposed ferrite-yoke based PIT produces relative uniform heating for defect detection and visualization in contrast to conventional ECPT with induction coils.…”

Section: Generation Of Uniform Induction Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NDT&E techniques, such as alternating current field measurement (ACFM) [2] , magnetic flux leakage (MFL) [3] , magnetic Barkhausen noise [4] and eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) [5] , have been broadly employed to evaluate defect, stress and properties of a material, component or system in railway, gear, power electrics and etc [3][4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ferrite-yoke based pulsed induction thermography for cracks quantitative evaluation

Gao

Tian

Wang

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Far East NDT New Technology &Amp; Application Forum (FENDT)

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This paper proposes a new ferrite-yoke based pulsed induction thermography (PIT) for cracks visualization and quantitative evaluation. The proposed approach combines the advantages of both alternating current field measurement (ACFM) and eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) in physical level. It can produce relative uniform heating in surface and subsurface of ferromagnetic material and have an open-view for infrared imaging. The structure and physical mechanism of the ferrite-yoke based PIT are introduced. Numerical simulations are conducted to understand the general behavior and multi-physical interactions of the proposed method with stimulated magnetic flux, eddy current and induced heating in samples. Experiments are implemented to verify simulation results and identify the characteristics of the proposed method for characterization of the artificial and natural cracks. Results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method on cracks quantitative evaluation in terms of combined magnetic flux and eddy current heating to defect orientations, uniform inductive stimulation and open-view for cracks visualization. The proposed method greatly enhances the capability for cracks detection and quantitative evaluation compared with previous induction coils.

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“…As one can see, the Bx signal has two small peaks indicating the crack length and a dip indicating the crack depth. The Bz signal has a peak and a trough between which the distance indicates the crack length as well [13]. Figure 9 (c) shows the Bz signals to different crack lengths.…”

Section: Experiments Samples Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and evaluation of weld defects in stainless steel using alternating current field measurement

Weili¹,

Ma²,

Pan-Qi³

et al. 2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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An ultrasonic non-destructive testing method for the measurement of weld width in laser welding of stainless steel AIP Conference Proceedings 1890, 040082 (2017) Abstract. Stainless steel is widely used in nuclear power plants, such as various high-radioactive pool, tools storage and fuel transportation channel, and serves as an important barrier to stop the leakage of high-radioactive material. NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods, eddy current testing (ET), ultrasonic examination (UT), penetration testing (PT) and hybrid detection method, etc., have been introduced into the inspection of a nuclear plant. In this paper, the Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) was fully applied to detect and evaluate the defects in the welds of the stainless steel. Simulations were carried out on different defect types, crack lengths, and orientation to reveal the relationship between the signals and dimensions to determine whether methods could be validated by the experiment. A 3-axis ACFM probe was developed and three plates including 16 defects, which served in nuclear plant before, were examined by automatic detection equipment. The result shows that the minimum detectable crack length on the surface is 2mm and ACFM shows excellent inspection results for a weld in stainless steel and gives an encouraging prospect of broader application.

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Detection and quantification of rail contact fatigue cracks in rails using ACFM technology

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

A review on non-destructive evaluation of rails: State-of-the-art and future development

A review on non-destructive evaluation of rails: State-of-the-art and future development

Ferrite-yoke based pulsed induction thermography for cracks quantitative evaluation

Detection and evaluation of weld defects in stainless steel using alternating current field measurement

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