Detection and Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. from Wild Rodents Adjacent to Produce Production Fields in California

Li, Xunde; Edward, Rice; Vivas, Eduardo J.; Vodovoz, Tamara; Xiao, Chengling; Jay-Russell, Michele

doi:10.5070/v425110398

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The relative importance of wild animals in the contamination of plants is uncertain, but Li et al (2013) found 26.0and 24.2% of wild rodents trapped next to produce fields in California were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., respectively [92]. Feral swine from the same produce growing region were also shown to harbour these parasites [93].…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

What is the risk from wild animals in food-borne pathogen contamination of plants?

Jay-Russell

2014

CABI Reviews

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Fresh fruits, nuts and vegetables are increasingly linked to food-borne illnesses, outbreaks and recalls. The trend represents a modern-day public health conundrum wherein consumers are encouraged to eat more fresh produce to help prevent chronic health problems such as obesity and heart disease, but at the same time consumption of contaminated produce can lead to potentially life-threatening acute food-borne disease. Identification of environmental sources responsible for the contamination of raw and minimally processed or fresh-cut plant commodities is necessary to develop prevention strategies. Produce-related outbreaks have been caused by faecal contamination of plants or surrounding watersheds following intrusion by wild or feral animals. A wild animal shedding a zoonotic food-borne pathogen could contaminate plants directly through faecal deposition or indirectly via faecal contamination of agriculture water or soil in contact with the plants. Owing to the low infectious dose of zoonotic enteric pathogens and the potential for attachment and possibly ingress into edible parts of plants, even a low level of contamination from faecal pathogens represents a significant public health concern. This review focuses on potential produce food safety risks from wild animals at the pre-harvest level, and downstream processes that may promote pathogen survival and amplification that could lead to human food-borne illnesses, outbreaks, and recalls. Microbe-plant interactions for the major zoonotic food-borne pathogens and higher risk plant commodities are reviewed. Finally, current guidelines and regulations to minimize risks related to wild animal activity in the production environment are summarized.Review Methodology: Databases used in this review included NCBI PubMed and the Center for Produce Safety Global Research Database. References from existing EndNote files and articles obtained from the database searches were also used to identify additional relevant material. Conference proceedings following two special sessions on wildlife and food safety held at the 23rd and 25th Vertebrate Pest Conferences were also reviewed. Produce and plant product safety regulations and guidance documents were found by searching agency/organization websites including the US Food and Drug Administration, Western Growers and the University of California Postharvest Technology online libraries.

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Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

What is the risk from wild animals in food-borne pathogen contamination of plants?

Jay-Russell

2014

CABI Reviews

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“…Also, new guidelines for researchers working with wild rodents have been published (Kelt et al 2010). Finally, it is worth noting that rodents have been implicated in food safety issues, as they can contribute to field crop contamination with E. coli and other disease pathogens (Salmon 2008, Li et al 2012. Another human safety issue is the attraction of birds to airports to feed on rodents (mainly deer mice and voles), resulting in increased risk of bird-aircraft strikes (Witmer and Fantinato 2003).…”

Section: Disease Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer Mice (Peromyscus spp.) Biology, Damage, and Management: A Review

Witmer¹,

Moulton²

2012

vertebrate_pest_conference

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The deer mouse is the most widely distributed and abundant small mammal in North America. They use a wide array of habitats, are very adaptable, and have a high reproductive potential. They play a number of roles in ecosystems, but can cause damage to orchards, forests, agriculture crops, and rangelands primarily through seed and newly-emerged seedling consumption. They also cause damage similar to house mice when they occupy buildings or other structures. Deer mice are important components in disease transmission especially of hantaviruses and Lyme disease. Damage reduction methods generally involve lethal control to reduce numbers using rodenticides and traps. Improvements in control methods are needed, especially in some agricultural crop types.

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Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus population in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2020

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Background Rattus norvegicus are reservoirs for transmission of various zoonotic parasites, and they have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and the significant presence of R. norvegicus throughout the city of Tehran, this study aims to assess the frequency of zoonotic parasites carried by commensal rodents wandering in Tehran, Iran. The study considered the north, south, west, east, and center regions of Tehran for the purposes of this study. The serological tests were applied in order to detect effective antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis ( T. vaginalis ), Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) was surveyed by using the conventional PCR method. Furthermore, nested PCR was employed to detect the presence of Giardia spp. and Leishmania spp. in commensal R. norvegicus dispersed in Tehran. Results Approximately, 76% of the 100 R. norvegicus tested were infected with at least one zoonotic parasite, indicating the significant frequency of parasites within the study areas. Seroreactivity against T. vaginalis , Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 5%, 0%, and 1% of the R. norvegicus tested, respectively. T. gondii DNA was detected in 32 out of 100 (32%) R. norvegicus . In addition, Leishmania spp. and Giardia spp. DNA were found in 18 out of 100 (18%) and 76 out of 100 (76%) R. norvegicus investigated, respectively. T. vaginalis with 15% and T. gondii with 70% had the highest frequency of parasites among the R. norvegicus collected from the western and northeastern regions of Tehran, respectively. Moreover, Giardia spp. with 95% and Leishmania spp. with 30% had the highest frequency in the east and center districts, respectively. Conclusion The findings showed a wide geographical dissemination of Giardia spp., Toxoplasma gondii , and Leishmania spp. in R. norvegicus within five districts of Tehran. In contrast, other parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. infection were rarely detected in Rattus populations. No evidence for the circulation of Bab...

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Detection and Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. from Wild Rodents Adjacent to Produce Production Fields in California

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

What is the risk from wild animals in food-borne pathogen contamination of plants?

What is the risk from wild animals in food-borne pathogen contamination of plants?

Deer Mice (Peromyscus spp.) Biology, Damage, and Management: A Review

Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus population in Tehran, Iran

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