Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hepatitis E Virus in a Canadian Swine Production Network

Nantel-Fortier, Nicolas; Letellier, Ann; Lachapelle, Virginie; Fravalo, Philippe; L’Homme, Yvan; Brassard, Julie

doi:10.1007/s12560-016-9252-6

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…HEV was chosen as a pathogen for implementation. Indeed, pig movements are likely to play a pivotal role in HEV epidemiology (Salines et al, 2017a), although they have only scarcely been explored to date (Nantel-Fortier et al, 2016). We assessed the role of pig shipments in relation to within-farm HEV seroprevalence level and to the risk of exposure of French départements to HEV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Salines

Andraud

Rose

2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Animal movements between farms are a major route of pathogen spread in the pig production sector. This study aimed to pair network analysis and epidemiological data in order to evaluate the impact of animal movements on pathogen prevalence in farms and assess the risk of local areas being exposed to diseases due to incoming movements. Our methodology was applied to hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging foodborne zoonotic agent of concern that is highly prevalent in pig farms. Firstly, the pig movement network in France (data recorded in 2013) and the results of a nation-wide seroprevalence study (data collected in 178 farms in 2009) were modelled and analysed. The link between network centrality measures of farms and HEV seroprevalence levels was explored using a generalised linear model. The in-degree and ingoing closeness of farms were found to be statistically associated with high HEV within-farm seroprevalence (p<0.05). Secondly, the risk of a French département (i.e. French local administrative areas) being exposed to HEV was calculated by combining the distribution of farm-level HEV prevalence in source départements with the number of movements coming from those same départements. By doing so, the risk of exposure for départements was mapped, highlighting differences between geographical patterns of HEV prevalence and the risk of exposure to HEV. These results suggest that not only highly prevalent areas but also those having at-risk movements from infected areas should be monitored. Pathogen management and surveillance options in the pig production sector should therefore take animal movements into consideration, paving the way for the development of targeted and risk-based disease surveillance strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Salines

Andraud

Rose

2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…It should be noted that swine HEV spread from animals to humans may also act through the environment. Considering the relatively low detection rate of HEV RNA in different food items tested, the role of HEV spread via the food production network other than at the retail points (e.g., transport vehicles in slaughterhouse) should be evaluated in the future (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Strain Comparison between Hepatitis E Viruses in Human Sera and Pig Livers during 2014 to 2016 in Hong Kong

et al. 2017

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is considered an emerging foodborne pathogen in developed countries in which it was previously not endemic. To investigate genetic association between human HEV infection and HEV-contaminated high-risk food in Hong Kong, we compared local virus strains obtained from hepatitis E patient sera with those surveyed from high-risk food items during 2014 to 2016. Twenty-four cases of laboratory-confirmed human HEV infections were identified from January 2014 to March 2016 in our hospitals. Five types of food items at risk of HEV contamination were purchased on a biweekly basis from April 2014 to March 2016 in two local market settings: supermarkets (lamb, oyster, and pig liver) and wet markets (oyster, pig blood curd, pig large intestine, and pig liver). HEV RNA detection was performed by a real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay. HEV RNA was detected in pig liver, pig intestine, and oyster samples with prevalences of 1.5%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic inference showed that all human and swine HEV strains belonged to genotype 4. HEV subtype distributions in humans and swine were highly comparable: subtype 4b predominated, while subtype 4d was the minority. Local human and swine HEV genotype 4 strains shared over 95% nucleotide identity and were genetically very similar, implicating swine as an important foodborne source of autochthonous human HEV infections in Hong Kong. Action should be taken to raise the awareness among public and health care professionals of hepatitis E as an emerging foodborne disease.

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“…HEV RNA was detected by nested RT-PCR in 32/452 samples from both inside and outside farm buildings, on trucks, and other objects sampled in the slaughterhouse yard, such as on a utility vehicle. According to the results of this study, the movements of trucks and utility vehicles might play an important role in HEV dissemination on a slaughterhouse site and throughout an entire network [ 31 ].…”

Section: Suidae Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human

Pavio

Doceul

Bagdassarian

et al. 2017

Vet Res

155

147

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans that can eventually result in acute liver failures or progress to chronic infections. While in tropical and sub-tropical areas, HEV infections are associated with important waterborne epidemics, in Northern countries, HEV infections are autochthonous with a zoonotic origin. In the past decade, it has become clear that certain HEV genotypes are zoonotic and that swine, and more generally Suidae, are the main reservoir. Zoonotic transmissions of the virus may occur via direct contact with infected pigs, wild boars or consumption of contaminated meat. This review describes the current knowledge on domestic and wild Suidae as reservoirs of HEV and the evidence of the different routes of HEV transmission between these animals and humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-017-0483-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hepatitis E Virus in a Canadian Swine Production Network

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Molecular Epidemiology and Strain Comparison between Hepatitis E Viruses in Human Sera and Pig Livers during 2014 to 2016 in Hong Kong

Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human

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