Detection and partial genetic characterisation of a novel variant of Avian nephritis virus in Indian poultry flocks showing diverse clinical signs

Abstract

Avian nephritis virus (ANV) infects poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed cases have been reported from India so far. In the current study, disease investigation was carried out in 21 broiler flocks at different parts of India with clinical signs of nephritis, uneven and stunted growth, diarrhoea, reduced body weight, and mortality up to 9.72%. Out of the 21 flocks screened, two were found positive for ANV in RT-PCR assay. BLAST analysis revealed that the ANV of Indian origin was closely related to ANV-1 strains reported from Japan, Hungary and China. However, comparison of a small portion (~12% of nucleotides, i.e. ~60 nts, common site for ANV-1 and ANV-3, position 2200-2260 of ORF 1a gene) of the Indian ANV sequence with ANV-3 sequences revealed 89-93% identities with different ANV-3 isolates. Phylogenetically, ANV-1 forms three clades, and the Indian ANV clustered under clade II. This study confirms the existence of ANV in Indian poultry flocks and is the first report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of ANV from India.

Enteric Virus Diversity Examined by Molecular Methods in Brazilian Poultry Flocks

“…ChPV was detected in the liver, intestines, and pancreas, which are areas commonly used for ChPV detection due its pathogenicity as an enteric virus, considering the variety of organs where this virus can be found, including the brain, duodenal loop, and even on cloacal swabs [ 27 , 37 , 38 ]. Astroviruses, such as CAstV and ANV, are commonly detected in the digestive organs and fecal samples of sick and healthy birds [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], supporting our findings of astrovirus in the liver, intestines, and pancreas ( Table 7 ). IBV can be detected in the intestinal content, trachea, lung, liver, bursa of Fabricius, pancreas, thymus, kidney, proventriculus, and spleen of affected birds [ 13 , 42 ], according to the dynamic distribution of the virus, resulting in a wide range of useful organs for molecular detection of this virus, which in our case helped to determine the presence of the pathogen in liver, intestine, pancreas, cloacal swabs, and caecal tonsils ( Table 7 ).…”

Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus group I in commercial broiler chickens in Brazil

“…Furthermore, there are reports of adenovirus infections resulting in increased feed conversion rate and increased mortality [11,27,30]. Therefore, the effects of avian adenovirus infections are of great economic importance in poultry farming [20] and associated with enteric virus, such as ANV [8]. In addition to the liver, the virus can be found in the upper respiratory tract, digestive tract, pancreas, kidneys, spleen and heart [23].…”

Development of a fast and sensitive RT-qPCR assay based on SYBR® green for diagnostic and quantification of Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) in chickens affected with enteric disease

“…These showed a broad distribution compared to sequences from several countries where ANV has been reported [ 43 – 46 ]. When analyzing the differences between the sequences obtained in this study and the sequences previously reported in the NCBI, it was identified that the NT sequences have remarkable similarity between them than the AA sequences; however, since they are not complete CDS, more information is needed in subsequent studies to be able to discriminate their behavior [ 20 , 47 , 48 ].…”