Detection and monitoring of Salmonella in laying hen flocks

Davies, Rob; Carrique-Mas, Juan

doi:10.1533/9780857093929.2.83

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…It remains the dominant pathogen associated with egg consumption [167]; but, considerable efforts have been made by authorities to control Salmonella Enteritidis dissemination throughout the egg production chain. Reported salmonellosis case numbers continued to decrease thanks to the implementation of successful Salmonella control programs in poultry production [168], including Salmonella detection and monitoring [169], the establishment of pre-harvest measures [170], management and sanitation measures [171], and egg decontamination by washing under certain conditions [172]. It is noteworthy that European legislation does not allow egg washing in Europe (Commission Regulation (EC) No 589/2008), “because of the potential damage to the physical barriers, such as the cuticle, may favor trans-shell contamination with bacteria and moisture loss and thereby increase the risk to consumers, particularly if subsequent drying and storage conditions are not optimal”.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Egg Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health

2019

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Egg is an encapsulated source of macro and micronutrients that meet all requirements to support embryonic development until hatching. The perfect balance and diversity in its nutrients along with its high digestibility and its affordable price has put the egg in the spotlight as a basic food for humans. However, egg still has to face many years of nutritionist recommendations aiming at restricting egg consumption to limit cardiovascular diseases incidence. Most experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic studies concluded that there was no evidence of a correlation between dietary cholesterol brought by eggs and an increase in plasma total-cholesterol. Egg remains a food product of high nutritional quality for adults including elderly people and children and is extensively consumed worldwide. In parallel, there is compelling evidence that egg also contains many and still-unexplored bioactive compounds, which may be of high interest in preventing/curing diseases. This review will give an overview of (1) the main nutritional characteristics of chicken egg, (2) emerging data related to egg bioactive compounds, and (3) some factors affecting egg composition including a comparison of nutritional value between eggs from various domestic species.

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Section: Factors Affecting Egg Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health

2019

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“…It is also possible that changes in vaccination programmes used in the EU for laying-hen flocks against S. Enteritidis, now that vaccination for S. Enteritidis is no longer obligatory under EU regulations in any MS as the 10% flock prevalence is not exceeded, may play a role in the increasing occurrence of S. Enteritidis. For instance, certain live vaccines are more difficult to administer effectively via long complex drinker lines in large laying houses, because of limited stability once reconstituted (Davies and Carrique-Mas, 2010a) so may provide more limited protection. Similarly, complacency in implementation of biosecurity measures such as pest control and terminal hygiene between flock cycles may have followed the initial success of the Salmonella control programmes leading to a greater risk of introduction or recurrence of infection.…”

Section: Model Validation Assumptions and Data Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella control in poultry flocks and its public health impact

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2019

EFS2

106

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An increase in confirmed human salmonellosis cases in the EU after 2014 triggered investigation of contributory factors and control options in poultry production. Reconsideration of the five current target serovars for breeding hens showed that there is justification for retaining Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium (including monophasic variants) and Salmonella Infantis, while Salmonella Virchow and Salmonella Hadar could be replaced by Salmonella Kentucky and either Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Thompson or a variable serovar in national prevalence targets. However, a target that incorporates all serovars is expected to be more effective as the most relevant serovars in breeding flocks vary between Member State (MS) and over time. Achievement of a 1% target for the current target serovars in laying hen flocks is estimated to be reduced by 254,400 CrI 95 [98,540; 602,700] compared to the situation in 2016. This translates to a reduction of 53.4% CrI 95 [39.1; 65.7] considering the layer-associated human salmonellosis true cases and 6.2% considering the overall human salmonellosis true cases in the 23 MSs included in attribution modelling. A review of risk factors for Salmonella in laying hens revealed that overall evidence points to a lower occurrence in non-cage compared to cage systems. A conclusion on the effect of outdoor access or impact of the shift from conventional to enriched cages could not be reached. A similar review for broiler chickens concluded that the evidence that outdoor access affects the occurrence of Salmonella is inconclusive. There is conclusive evidence that an increased stocking density, larger farms and stress result in increased occurrence, persistence and spread of Salmonella in laying hen flocks. Based on scientific evidence, an impact of Salmonella control programmes, apart from general hygiene procedures, on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks at the holding and on broiler meat at the end of the slaughter process is not expected.

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“…, 2007a). Boot swabs are particularly susceptible to delays between sampling and testing because of the risk of desiccation of the thin layers of faecal material collected in dry laying houses (Davies and Carrique-Mas, 2011).…”

Section: Condition Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of laboratory testing issues in the context of theSalmonellaNational Control Programme in Great Britain

Gosling

Davies

2015

British Poultry Science

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1. The objective of this study was to identify any issues arising during the laboratory testing of samples collected under the National Control Programme for Salmonella. 2. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)-approved testing laboratories in order to identify any complicating factors that the laboratories may encounter during the processing of samples. 3. Samples were reported to arrive in good condition and within the specified time frame after collection. The only concern was that new clients may be unaware of the procedure or correct sampling consumables to use. 4. There was evidence of variability between laboratories regarding the sample testing procedure used, with deviation from the guidelines in some cases. 5. This finding suggests that further guidance for laboratories on methodology is likely to be beneficial as this could help improve the detection of low levels of Salmonella.

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Detection and monitoring of Salmonella in laying hen flocks

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health

The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health

Salmonella control in poultry flocks and its public health impact

Investigation of laboratory testing issues in the context of theSalmonellaNational Control Programme in Great Britain

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