“…Scholars worldwide have expressed concerns regarding the current use of live attenuated ILTV vaccines. Inappropriate vaccine application poses an even greater threat to poultry farms than wild-type viruses ( Perez-Contreras et al, 2021 ; Santander-Parra et al, 2022 ). Given these circumstances, it is crucial to closely monitor T441P mutation described in this study, as it has the potential to drive the evolution of infectious bronchitis and contribute to pathogenic changes, which was needed to be further elucidated.…”