Detection and Molecular Characterization of a Canine Norovirus

Martella, Vito; Lorusso, Eleonora; Decaro, Nicola; Elia, Gabriella; Radogna, Arianna; D’Abramo, M.; Desario, Costantina; Cavalli, Alessandra; Corrente, Marialaura; Camero, Michele; Germinario, Cinzia Annatea; Bányai, Krisztiàn; Martino, Barbara Di; Marsilio, Fulvio; Carmichael, L E; Buonavoglia, Canio

doi:10.3201/eid1408.080062

Cited by 132 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Human infection has been associated with genogroups I, II and IV while genogroups III and V infect cows and mice, respectively (Zheng et al 2006;Scipioni et al 2008;Clarke et al 2012). Porcine strains and a strain from lions are grouped in GII (Martella et al 2007) while a strain from a dog was identified in GIV (Martella et al 2008). Norovirus GII is detected more frequently than GI (Patel et al 2009;Vega et al 2013), though GI has been associated with outbreaks of waterborne gastroenteritis in Sweden (Nenonen et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

et al. 2014

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In this study the prevalence and genotypes of NoVs in selected water sources from rural, urban and refugee settings in Kenya was investigated. Ten liters each of river, household and borehole water were collected in rural (Mboone river), urban (Nairobi and Mutoine river), and refugee (Dadaab refugee camp) settings. Noroviruses were recovered from the water samples by a glass wool adsorption-elution technique and/or PEG/NaCl precipitation.Nucleic acid was extracted using the automated MagNA Pure platform. Noroviruses were detected with singleplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays and characterised by nucleotide sequence analysis. Noroviruses were detected in 63% (25/40) of the selected water samples comprising GII (42.5%), GI (2.5%) and mixed GI/GII (17.5%) positive samples. The prevalence of NoVs in the Mutoine river (urban area) was higher than in the Mboone river (rural area) (P=0.0013). Norovirus GI.1, GI.3, GI.9, GII.4, GII.6, GII.12, GII.16 and GII.17 were identified, with GII.17 accounting for 76% (16/21) of the typed strains. The NoV GII.17 predominance differs to other studies in Africa and further surveillance of NoVs in clinical and environmental settings is required to clarify/elucidate this observation. As information regarding NoVs in Kenyan water sources is limited this report provides valuable new data on NoV genotypes circulating in environmental water sources and the surrounding communities in Kenya.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

et al. 2014

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“…GI and GII are further divided into many genotypes, and this classification is in constant evolution with the discovery of new strains. NoV has also been detected in several animal species, including swine, cattle, mice, lions, and dogs (21,28,30,32,51). Among them, bovine and murine strains are classified as GIII and GV, respectively, and are genetically distinct from human strains (21,37,42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Frequent Detection of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Swine and High Genetic Diversity of Porcine Sapovirus in Japan during Fiscal Year 2008

Nakamura

Saga²,

Iwai

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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A molecular biological survey on porcine norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) was conducted in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, during fiscal year 2008. Both NoV and SaV were detected from swine fecal samples throughout the surveillance period, indicating that these viruses were circulating in this region. NoV strains detected in this study belonged to three genotypes that are known as typical swine NoVs. Although human NoVs were occasionally detected, it was unclear whether they replicated in pigs. As for SaV, genogroup VII (GVII) and other divergent genogroups were identified in addition to the dominant genogroup, GIII, which is the prototypic porcine SaV. In addition, 3 strains genetically related to human SaV were detected. Two of these 3 strains were closely related to human SaV GV. Our study showed that genetic diversification of porcine SaV is currently progressing in the swine population.

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“…However, for influenza virus, in addition to viral diversity generated from infections within the human population, new variants also emerge from zoonotic sources following reassortment events between human and avian and/or swine strains, such as with the emergence of the swine-origin H1N1 2009 pandemic strain (60). NoV strains have been identified in a wide range of animals, including pigs, cows, dogs, sheep, and mice (31,39,44,67,69). Furthermore, human NoVs have been shown to infect some nonhuman primates and pigs under experimental conditions (7,52,62).…”

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confidence: 99%

Contribution of Intra- and Interhost Dynamics to Norovirus Evolution

Bull

Eden²,

Luciani

et al. 2012

J Virol

111

117

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c Norovirus (NoV) is an emerging RNA virus that has been associated with global epidemics of gastroenteritis. Each global epidemic arises with the emergence of novel antigenic variants. While the majority of NoV infections are mild and self-limiting, in the young, elderly, and immunocompromised, severe and prolonged illness can result. As yet, there is no vaccine or therapeutic treatment to prevent or control infection. In order to design effective control strategies, it is important to understand the mechanisms and source of the new antigenic variants. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to investigate genetic diversification in three contexts: the impact of a NoV transmission event on viral diversity and the contribution to diversity of intrahost evolution over both a short period of time (10 days), in accordance with a typical acute NoV infection, and a prolonged period of time (288 days), as observed for NoV chronic infections of immunocompromised individuals. Investigations of the transmission event revealed that minor variants at frequencies as low as 0.01% were successfully transmitted, indicating that transmission is an important source of diversity at the interhost level of NoV evolution. Our results also suggest that chronically infected immunocompromised subjects represent a potential reservoir for the emergence of new viral variants. In contrast, in a typical acute NoV infection, the viral population was highly homogenous and relatively stable. These results indicate that the evolution of NoV occurs through multiple mechanisms.

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of a Canine Norovirus

Abstract: We identifi ed a novel calicivirus in a pup with enteritis. The isolate was related genetically (90.1% aa identity in the capsid protein) to a lion norovirus strain.

Cited by 132 publications

References 14 publications

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

Frequent Detection of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Swine and High Genetic Diversity of Porcine Sapovirus in Japan during Fiscal Year 2008

Contribution of Intra- and Interhost Dynamics to Norovirus Evolution

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