Detection and molecular characterization of tick-borne pathogens infecting sheep and goats in Blue Nile and West Kordofan states in Sudan

Lee, Seung-Hun; Mossaad, Ehab; Ibrahim, Abdalla Mohamed; Ismail, Ahmed; Moumouni, Paul Franck Adjou; Liu, Mingming; Ringo, Aaron Edmond; Gao, Yang; Guo, Huanping; Li, Jixu; Efstratiou, Artemis; Musinguzi, Peter; Angara, Tamador Elkhansa Elnour; Suganuma, Keisuke; Inoue, Noboru; Xu, Xuan

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.014

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Exclusion of small ruminants from policy and control initiatives will compromise community disease control efforts due to small ruminants acting as reservoirs in farming communities. Anaplasma infections have previously been found higher in ovines than caprines in studies in Sudan and Kenya (El Imam et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2018;Ringo et al, 2019), in agreement with findings shown in this study. There is a need for a more holistic approach in policy for vector control in Uganda given small ruminants, especially ovines are equally infected with Anaplasma bacteria as large ruminants (Kasozi et al, 2019;Matovu et al, 2020;Vudriko et al, 2016), and are critical to community livelihoods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This molecular based study has demonstrated a high-level of Anaplasmataceae infection in small ruminants within western Uganda. This was the first molecular study in small ruminants of Uganda and the prevalence reported in this study was much higher than reports from Kenya (40.8%) (Ringo et al, 2019) and Sudan (60.1%) (Lee et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…In northeastern Uganda, a prevalence of 19.5% for Anaplasma spp in small ruminants was reported by microscopy (Lolli et al, 2016). In Sudan, a prevalence of 60.1% for A. ovis with prevalence of infection being higher in ovines than caprines following PCR analysis (Lee et al, 2018). In Tunisia, Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small ruminants along a human-livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda

Kasozi

Welburn

Batiha

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Background: Information as regards the epidemiology of the Anaplasmataceae in small ruminants in several lowand middle-income countries is scarce. Methods: In this study a total of 712 DNA samples collected from small ruminants were analyzed for Anaplasmataceae and Anaplasma ovis using the 16S rRNA and MSP4 genes respectively. Infection risk was assessed by location, sex and age of the animals and qGIS® was used to construct spatial maps. Results: The prevalence of Anaplasmataceae spp was 89.1% (95% CI: 77.5-95.9) and 79.1% (95% CI: 75.9-82.1) in ovines and caprines respectively (RR ¼ 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3); higher than those previously reported in other eastern African countries. The prevalence of A. ovis was 26.1% and 25.4% for both ovines and caprines respectively with ovines showing significantly higher levels of infection than caprines (P < 0.05). The risk of Anaplasma ovis infections was not affected by age (OR ¼ 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9-1.7) or sex (OR ¼ 1.1, 95% CI: 0.6-2.0). Small ruminants located at the forest edge (<0.3 km) showed higher A. ovis prevalence than those found inland with infections present in the midland regions associated with increased agricultural activity. Conclusion: Anaplasma ovis remains a major challenge for small ruminant husbandry in Uganda and infections are under-reported. Policy efforts to prioritize management of Anaplasmataceae for small ruminant health would promote livestock productivity in vulnerable communities, improving livelihoods and ecosystem health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

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Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small ruminants along a human-livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda

Kasozi

Welburn

Batiha

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…A. marginale has been found in dairy cattle, and is the main inter-erythrocytic pathogen of bovine animals (Byaruhanga et al, 2018 ). A. bovis and A. ovis have been reported in both domestic and wild animals in various parts of the world (Liu et al, 2012 ; Lee et al, 2018 ). A. platys is the only classified rickettsial species known to infect platelets and cause infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs (Harvey et al, 1978 ; Ben Said et al, 2018 ; Vieira et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Anaplasma capra: An Emerging Pathogen in Sheep and Goats in China

Peng

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Anaplasma capra is an emerging pathogen, which can infect ruminants and humans. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of A. capra in the blood samples of sheep and goats in China. Using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) targeting the gltA gene and conventional PCR targeting the heat shock protein (groEL) gene and the major surface protein4 gene (msp4), A. capra was detected in 129 (8.9%) of 1453 sheep and goat blood samples. The positive rate was higher in goats (9.4%, 89/943) than in sheep (7.8%, 40/510) (χ2 = 1.04, p > 0.05, df = 1). For sheep, A. capra was found in 17 sites from 2 provinces. The prevalence was 28.6% in sheep from Liaoning province, which was higher than in Henan Province (7.3%). For goats, A. capra was detected in 35 sites from 7 provinces. The prevalence varied from 0 to 19.4% in the goat sites examined. The prevalence rates were 19.4, 19.3, 10, 8.8, 6.8, 1.8, and 0% in goats from Guizhou province, Henan Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Yunnan province, and Gansu province, respectively. Based on the analysis of the A. capra citrate synthase gene (gltA), two variants were identified. Variant I showed a high sequence similarity to the A. capra, which were previously reported in sheep, goats, Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, and humans. Variant II was only found in Luoyang, Anyang, and Sanmengxia, of Henan province. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of this variant of A. capra in sheep and goat blood in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on groEL and msp4 genes showed that the Anaplasma sp. sequences clustered independently from A. capra and other Anaplasma species with high bootstrap values. We found A. capra DNA in sheep and goats in China, providing evidence that sheep and goats can be infected by A. capra. We also found that this zoonotic pathogen is widely distributed in China. This study provides information for assessing the public health risks for human anaplasmosis.

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“…By transmitting tick-borne diseases, ticks cause huge economic loss to the livestock industry. A heavy tick infestation in animals, even without disease transmission, can cause severe blood loss, resulting in economic problems for breeding farms [2]. Therefore, the control of ticks and tick-borne disease is important in the fields of agriculture and veterinary medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subolesin vaccination inhibits blood feeding and reproduction of Haemaphysalis longicornis in rabbits

Lee

Moumouni

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background Ticks can transmit numerous tick-borne pathogens and cause a huge economic loss to the livestock industry. Tick vaccines can contribute to the prevention of tick-borne diseases by inhibiting tick infestation or reproduction. Subolesin is an antigenic molecule proven to be a potential tick vaccine against different tick species and even some tick-borne pathogens. However, its effectivity has not been verified in Haemaphysalis longicornis, which is a widely distributed tick species, especially in East Asian countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectivity of subolesin vaccination against H. longicornis in a rabbit model. Methods Haemaphysalis longicornis (Okayama strain, female, adult, parthenogenetic strain) and Japanese white rabbits were used as the model tick and animal, respectively. The whole open reading frame of H. longicornis subolesin (HlSu) was identified and expressed as a recombinant protein using E. coli. The expression was verified using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the immunogenicity of rHlSu against anti-H. longicornis rabbit serum was confirmed using Western blotting. After vaccination of rHlSu in rabbits, experimental infestation of H. longicornis was performed. Variables related to blood-feeding periods, pre-oviposition periods, body weight at engorgement, egg mass, egg mass to body weight ratio, and egg-hatching periods were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of subolesin vaccination. Results The whole open reading frame of HlSu was 540 bp, and it was expressed as a recombinant protein. Vaccination with rHlSu stimulated an immune response in rabbits. In the rHlSu-vaccinated group, body weight at engorgement, egg mass, and egg mass to body weight ratio were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group. Besides, egg-hatching periods were extended significantly. Blood-feeding periods and pre-oviposition periods were not different between the two groups. In total, the calculated vaccine efficacy was 37.4%. Conclusions Vaccination of rabbits with rHlSu significantly affected the blood-feeding and reproduction in H. longicornis. Combined with findings from previous studies, our findings suggest subolesin has the potential to be used as a universal tick vaccine.

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Detection and molecular characterization of tick-borne pathogens infecting sheep and goats in Blue Nile and West Kordofan states in Sudan

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small ruminants along a human-livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda

Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small ruminants along a human-livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda

Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Anaplasma capra: An Emerging Pathogen in Sheep and Goats in China

Subolesin vaccination inhibits blood feeding and reproduction of Haemaphysalis longicornis in rabbits

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