Detection and Molecular Characteristics ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in Retail Raw Meat Products in Poland

Sroka, Jacek; Bilska–Zając, Ewa; Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina; Zając, Violetta; Dutkiewicz, Jacek; Karamon, Jacek; Piotrowska, Weronika; Cencek, Tomasz

doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2537

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…The obtained results showed a predominance of T. gondii clonal type(s) II and II/III, followed by type III; however, mixed types I and II/III was also found. These results obtained in wild animals seem to correspond with the results of genotyping of T. gondii DNA isolated from the raw meat of pigs and cattle in Poland (Sroka et al, article in press); however, another own study showed a high prevalence of type III among T. gondii DNA samples isolated from goat milk and raw meat products in Poland, while types I and II were less common [20,21]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Studies regarding T. gondii prevalence in wildlife in Poland are limited and mostly based on serology. To-date, T. gondii DNA has been detected in Poland in humans [19], raw meat products [20], goat milk [21], and in environmental matrices [22,23,24]. However, little is known about an importance of small, free-living animals in the epidemiological context of T. gondii infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Sroka

Karamon

Wójcik-Fatla

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. Free-living animals can play an important role as a reservoir of Toxoplasma gondi;, however, data concerning this issue in Poland are still limited.The aim of study was to assess the occurrence of T. gondii infection by using molecular methods in free-living animals in selected regions of Poland. Materials and method. Tissues samples of 396 animals (foxes, muskrats, birds, martens, badgers, polecats, raccoons, minks, raccoon dogs, otters, small rodents and insectivores, and grass snakes were collected from various regions of Poland. After samples digestion, DNA was isolated using QIAmp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen). DNA extraction from small rodents and insectivores samples was performed without digestion. Next, nested PCR (B1 gene) and, for a part of nested PCR positive amplicons, RFLP PCR, were performed according to the method by Grigg and Boothroyd (2001). The other part of nested PCR positive DNA isolates were genotyped using 5 genetic markers: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-and 3'), SAG3, BTUB and GRA6, based on the method by Dubey et al. (2006). These PCR products were sequenced and compared with the NCBI database using Blast. Results. In total, in 50 of the 396 examined animals DNA of T. gondii was detected (12.6%). The highest percentages of positive results in PCR was obtained in martens (40.9%) and badgers (38.5%), lower in birds (27.3%) and the lowest in foxes (7.4%). The RFLP and multilocus PCR analysis showed the dominance of T. gondii clonal type II (or II/III). Conclusions. The results of this study indicate the frequent T. gondii infection among free-living animals in Poland, especially martens and badgers, which may indirectly indicate that these animals contribute to the spread of the parasite in the sylvatic environment in Poland. The genotyping analysis showed the dominance of T. gondii clonal type II (or II/III).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Sroka

Karamon

Wójcik-Fatla

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Research from Brazil confirmed the wide distribution and viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in pig organs and commercial meat cuts [7]; T. gondii was also isolated from pigs destined for human consumption [8]. In Poland, T. gondii DNA was detected in 5.4% of examined retailed raw meat products [9]. Another transmission route is water contaminated with oocysts [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Wójcik-Fatla

Sroka

Zając

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective. The problem of occupational biohazards is very important, especially in the field of agriculture and in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the potential sources of infection in veterinary professionals with selected zoonotic agents, including: Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis, Leptospira spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Materials and Method. A total of 50 air samples from barns, piggeries and veterinary surgeries were examined for the presence of Leptospira spp. and C. burnetii DNA. Serum samples of 86 pigs and 80 cows were tested for the presence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. and to phase I and II C. burnetii antigens. Serum of 70 cats were tested for the presence of antibodies to T. gondii and 65 samples of cat faeces for the presence of T. gondii oocysts. The presence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were examined in 50 of dog faeces and 50 of bovine faeces samples. Results. DNA of Leptospira spp. was detected in 2 air samples from the piggeries (4%). C. burnetii DNA was not found in any sample. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 51 (59.3%) of examined pigs. Neither anti-Leptospira spp. nor anti-C. burnetii antibodies were found among samples of bovine serum. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was found in 52 cat serum samples (74.3%). Among samples of cat faeces, no T. gondii oocysts were detected. In one sample of cattle stool (2%), G. duodenalis was detected and in another (2%)-Cryptosporidium spp. G. duodenalis was detected in 7 samples (14%) and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2 samples (2%) of dog faeces. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate the potential risk of infection with Leptospira spp. in veterinarians working with pigs. Veterinarians could be also be at risk of infection with T. gondii and G. duodenalis.

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“…A study in Canada demonstrated T. gondii DNA in 3.2% of 94 retail ground pork samples (Iqbal et al, 2018). In a large study from Poland, T. gondii DNA was detected in 4.5% of 756 samples of retailed minced pork and in 5.8% of 1355 samples of raw sausage (Sroka et al, 2019). T. gondii DNA in raw pork sausages was also detected in a Brazilian study in almost half of the samples (Costa et al, 2018); however, no positive results were noted in another study but which tested a small number of samples (Paraboni et al, 2020).…”

Section: Raw Pork -Risky Cutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cured products have also been examined in Poland, and parasite DNA was detected in 5.7% of 856 retail samples of smoked meat, and 5.5% of 256 samples of fermented ham (Sroka et al, 2019). Fredericks et al (2020) conducted a study on the inactivation of T. gondii in dry cured whole ham (originating from experimentally infected pigs), prepared according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) guidances for commercial production.…”

Section: Pigs In a Picklementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in pork & pork products - too much on our plate?

Klun

Djurković–Djaković

2021

VET GLASNIK

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Background. The constant growth of the global population has led to increasing food production, which has been particularly evident in the production of pork in recent years. In 2015, the number of pigs surpassed one billion, and in 2018 a record high of 120 million tonnes of pork was produced worldwide. In spite of the expansion and dominance of specialized industrial farming in developed countries, Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs as a source of human infection remains an issue in traditional smallscale farming. The disease burden of toxoplasmosis is estimated to be the highest of all parasitic infections and even higher than that of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. Scope and Approach. This paper reviews the latest research on T. gondii-contaminated pork and pork products, published in the past decade. As current methods do not allow for practical and cost-effective detection of T. gondii at slaughter, efforts towards safe meat have focused on the detection of the parasite in pork and ready-to-eat pork products and on post-harvest mitigation measures. Key Findings and Conclusions. In contrast to recommendations for preventing Trichinella infection, there are no globally applicable standardised and validated inactivation procedures for rendering T. gondii infected pork/pork products safe for consumers. Moreover, there are no EU regulations in place for the prevention of T. gondii infection by consumption of pork and pork products. Recommended actions, both at the producer and consumer levels, include post-harvest processing such as cooking, freezing, and proper salting/curing.

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Detection and Molecular Characteristics ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in Retail Raw Meat Products in Poland

Cited by 31 publications

References 65 publications

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Toxoplasma gondii in pork & pork products - too much on our plate?

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