Detection and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum in British European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Sangster, Lucy; Blake, Damer P.; Robinson, Guy; Hopkins, Timothy C.; C.C., Ricardo; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Lawson, Becki

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.006

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is the first molecular study of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in livestock in Ghana and the single C. parvum from a goat was typed as IIcA5G3q. The IIc subtype family was previously thought to be anthropologically transmitted only, but subtype IIcA5G3j has recently been detected in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany and the UK (Dyachenko et al, 2010;Sangster et al, 2016). Subtype IIcA5G3 was also reported in hedgehogs in Holland, but as sequences were not submitted to GenBank, it is not possible to obtain more information (Krawczyk et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana

Squire

Yang

Robertson

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are major causes of diarrhoea in developing countries including Ghana, however, nothing is known about the species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock in this country. A total of 925 faecal samples from humans (n=95), cattle (n=328), sheep (n=217) and goats (n=285), were screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at the 18S rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci respectively. Cryptosporidium positives were typed by sequence analysis of 18S and 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci amplicons. Giardia positives were typed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta-giardin (bg) and gdh loci. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by qPCR was 8.4% and 10.5% in humans, 26.5% and 8.5% in cattle, 34.1% and 12.9% in sheep, and 33.3% and 12.3% in goat faecal samples, respectively. G. duodenalis assemblages A and B were detected in humans and assemblage E was detected in livestock. Cryptosporidium parvum was the only species identified in humans; C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. ryanae and C. ubiquitum were identified in cattle; C. xiaoi, C. ubiquitum and C. bovis in sheep; and C. xiaoi, C. baileyi and C. parvum in goats. This is the first molecular study of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in livestock in Ghana. The identification of zoonotic species and the identification of C. parvum subtype IIcA5G3q in livestock, which has previously been identified in children in Ghana, suggests potential zoonotic transmission. Further studies on larger numbers of human and animal samples, and on younger livestock are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Ghana.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana

Squire

Yang

Robertson

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is important to note that the IIc subtype family has been detected in hedgehogs in Europe [158–160], suggesting potential zoonotic transmission.…”

Section: Cryptosporidium and Giardia Species Reported In Humans In Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important causes of diarrhoeal illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites in Africa. Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea and increased mortality in African countries and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in African countries. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic and spill-back transmission cycles that requires further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinated commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of disease caused by these parasites.

show abstract

“…The technique used to enrich and recover Cryptosporidium oocysts from faecal samples has been described previously (Sangster et al 2016), following a process adapted from Abe et al (2002) for use with canine faecal samples which included a flotation step to improve sensitivity. Subsequently, each sample was boiled for five minutes, centrifuged at 10,000 × g for one minute and the supernatant recovered for DNA extraction using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen©, Germany) following the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: Faecal Processing Dna Purification and Polymerase Chain Reamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence identity was confirmed by BLASTn against the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant nucleotide collection. Samples positive for C. parvum were subtyped by PCR amplification and sequencing of a fragment from the Cryptosporidium gp60 gene as described previously (Sangster et al 2016), in the absence of a gp60 locus C. canis reference sequence (Stensvold et al 2015).…”

Section: Diagnostic Confirmation and Genotyping Of Positive Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species in relinquished dogs in Great Britain: a novel zoonotic risk?

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surveillance was conducted to investigate the occurrence of protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium in dogs newly admitted to a dog rehoming charity in London, Great Britain. Voided faecal samples were collected from all new admissions between 2011 and 2012 during six separate 4-week sampling periods. Information on host signalment, including age, breed and reason for submission and faecal consistency, was collected. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, confirmed by sequencing, was conducted on the faecal samples to detect Cryptosporidium genomic DNA and determine Cryptosporidium identity. In total, 677 dogs were included in the study. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium-positive faecal samples was 4.6% (31/676). There were positive samples in all of the six sampling periods. Cryptosporidium canis (n = 28), C. parvum (n = 2) and C. andersoni (n = 1) were identified. Sixty KDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene amplicon sequencing of the C. parvum samples identified genotypes IIaA17G1R1 and IIaA15G2R1 for the first time from a dog. There were no significant associations between signalment data and Cryptosporidium status. While this was a study of one rehoming shelter, the presence of the potentially zoonotic C. parvum and C. canis in dogs highlights a public health concern. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and potential impacts of Cryptosporidium infection in dogs.

show abstract

Detection and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum in British European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

The molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species in relinquished dogs in Great Britain: a novel zoonotic risk?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About