Detection and Mechanisms of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Resistance in Barley

Webster, James; Baker, C. A.; Porter, D. R.

doi:10.1093/jee/84.2.669

“…Among resistant plants, the number of CACs may reflect the high frequency of probing and, hence, be indicative of one type of severa1 potential resistance mechanisms of the plant. Types of resistance mechanisms for barley include tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis (Webster et al, 1991). The resistant wheat lines, PI 262660 and PI 137739, have similar levels of antixenosis (Du Toit, 1987) and antibiosis (Du Toit, 1987, 1989a, but PI 262660 has higher levels of tolerance (1989a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barley was grown from seed in pots under greenhouse conditions (Miller et al, 1994). Four resistant barley germplasm accessions were used-CI 1412 (Webster et al, 1991) (Webster et al, 1991), Belefant-Miller et ai. Plant Physiol.…”

Section: Plant Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barley germplasm resistant to the RWAs has been found (Webster et al, 1991), but the nature of the resistance mechanism(s) is unknown. Since the microscopy technique for plants resistant and susceptible to fungi identifies physiological responses that occur prior to macroscopic symptom development, it was our hope that microscopic differences would also be apparent between plants resistant and susceptible to insect infestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Early Indicator of Resistance in Barley to Russian Wheat Aphid

Belefant-Miller

¹

,

Porter

²

,

Pierce

³

et al. 1994

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“…In an evolutionary context, tolerance is defined as the 67 slope of the line describing the association between fitness and level of damage for a set of 68 genetically related plants . In agronomic situations, tolerant crop 69 varieties are able to withstand injury and produce acceptable yields (Flinn et al 2001; Qiu et al 70 2011;Webster 1990;Webster et al 1991). From an ecological perspective, tolerant plants can (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance: the forgotten child of plant resistance

Peterson

¹

,

Varella

²

,

Higley

³

2017

Preprint

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Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the herbivore away from it. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to resistance. Tolerance, on the other hand, is a more sustainable pest management strategy because it involves only a plant response and therefore does not cause evolution of resistance in target pest populations. Despite its attractive attributes, tolerance has been poorly studied and understood. In this critical, interpretive review, we discuss tolerance to insect herbivory and the biological and socioeconomic factors that have limited its use in plant resistance and integrated pest management. First, tolerance is difficult to identify, and the mechanisms conferring it are poorly understood. Second, the genetics of tolerance are mostly unknown. Third, several obstacles hinder the establishment of high-throughput phenotyping methods for large-scale screening of tolerance. Fourth, tolerance has received little attention from entomologists because, for most, their primary interest, research training, and funding opportunities are in mechanisms which affect pest biology, not plant biology. Fifth, the efforts of plant resistance are directed at controlling pest populations rather than managing plant stress.We conclude this paper by discussing future research and development activities. 12 Abstract 13 Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has 14 a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the 15 herbivore away from it. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, 16 they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to resistance. Tolerance, on 17 the other hand, is a more sustainable pest management strategy because it involves only a plant 18 response and therefore does not cause evolution of resistance in target pest populations. Despite 19 its attractive attributes, tolerance has been poorly studied and understood. In this critical, 20 interpretive review, we discuss tolerance to insect herbivory and the biological and 21 socioeconomic factors that have limited its use in plant resistance and integrated pest 22 management. First, tolerance is difficult to identify, and the mechanisms conferring it are poorly 23 understood. Second, the genetics of tolerance are mostly unknown. Third, several obstacles 24 hinder the establishment of high-throughput phenotyping methods for large-scale screening of 25 tolerance. Fourth, tolerance has received little attention from entomologists because, for most, 26 their primary interest, research training, and funding opportunities are in mechanisms which 27 affect pest biology, not plant biology. Fifth, the efforts of plant resistance are directed at 28 controlling pest popula...

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“…In an evolutionary context, tolerance is defined as the 67 slope of the line describing the association between fitness and level of damage for a set of 68 genetically related plants . In agronomic situations, tolerant crop 69 varieties are able to withstand injury and produce acceptable yields (Flinn et al 2001; Qiu et al 70 2011;Webster 1990;Webster et al 1991 (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance: the forgotten child of plant resistance

Peterson

¹

,

Varella

²

,

Higley

³

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the herbivore away from it. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to resistance. Tolerance, on the other hand, is a more sustainable pest management strategy because it involves only a plant response and therefore does not cause evolution of resistance in target pest populations. Despite its attractive attributes, tolerance has been poorly studied and understood. In this critical, interpretive review, we discuss tolerance to insect herbivory and the biological and socioeconomic factors that have limited its use in plant resistance and integrated pest management. First, tolerance is difficult to identify, and the mechanisms conferring it are poorly understood. Second, the genetics of tolerance are mostly unknown. Third, several obstacles hinder the establishment of high-throughput phenotyping methods for large-scale screening of tolerance. Fourth, tolerance has received little attention from entomologists because, for most, their primary interest, research training, and funding opportunities are in mechanisms which affect pest biology, not plant biology. Fifth, the efforts of plant resistance are directed at controlling pest populations rather than managing plant stress.We conclude this paper by discussing future research and development activities. 12 Abstract 13 Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has 14 a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the 15 herbivore away from it. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, 16 they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to resistance. Tolerance, on 17 the other hand, is a more sustainable pest management strategy because it involves only a plant 18 response and therefore does not cause evolution of resistance in target pest populations. Despite 19 its attractive attributes, tolerance has been poorly studied and understood. In this critical, 20 interpretive review, we discuss tolerance to insect herbivory and the biological and 21 socioeconomic factors that have limited its use in plant resistance and integrated pest 22 management. First, tolerance is difficult to identify, and the mechanisms conferring it are poorly 23 understood. Second, the genetics of tolerance are mostly unknown. Third, several obstacles 24 hinder the establishment of high-throughput phenotyping methods for large-scale screening of 25 tolerance. Fourth, tolerance has received little attention from entomologists because, for most, 26 their primary interest, research training, and funding opportunities are in mechanisms which 27 affect pest biology, not plant biology. Fifth, the efforts of plant resistance are directed at 28 controlling pest popula...

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Detection and Mechanisms of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Resistance in Barley

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An Early Indicator of Resistance in Barley to Russian Wheat Aphid

An Early Indicator of Resistance in Barley to Russian Wheat Aphid

Tolerance: the forgotten child of plant resistance

Tolerance: the forgotten child of plant resistance

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