Detection and mapping of shipwrecks embedded in sea-floor sediments

Grøn, Ole; Boldreel, Lars Ole; Cvikel, Deborah; Kahanov, Yaacov; Galili, Ehud; Hermand, Jean-Pierre; Nævestad, Dag

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.09.005

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These methods cannot be applied when the archaeological sites are covered by sediments. For this purpose, high-resolution sub-bottom profilers (highresolution reflection seismic methods) have begun to play a role in the detection of archaeological sites (such as shipwrecks and pole structures) embedded in sea-floor sediments (Plets et al, 2009;Grøn et al, 2015;Grøn et al, 2018;Boldreel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, a collaboration was established between marine archaeologists from Norway and Israel and marine geophysicists from Denmark to test whether high-resolution seismic profiling could be applied successfully to the sandy, shallow sediments off the Israeli coast on a general basis as in Denmark (Boldreel et al, 2010), and specifically for the identification of sediment-embedded archaeological artefacts, as successfully as in Danish waters (Grøn et al, 2007;Grøn and Boldreel, 2014;Grøn et al, 2015). In 2014-15, field campaigns were carried out in the near-coastal parts of northern Israel to test whether high-resolution seismic profiling (Chirp III) could be used to identify shipwrecks, harbour constructions, settlements, including those from the Stone Age, and poles located in sandy sediments below the sea floor (Grøn et al, 2015;Cvikel et al, 2017). One of the sites investigated was the archaeologically well-documented Stone Age settlement of Atlit-Yam, located off Israel's Carmel coast (Fig 1), at a water depth of approximately 10-12 m.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting human-knapped flint with marine high-resolution reflection seismics: A preliminary study of new possibilities for subsea mapping of submerged Stone Age sites

Grøn¹,

Boldreel²,

Hermand³

et al. 2018

uw tech: int j soc uw tech

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Seismic high-resolution Chirp profiles from the welldocumented submerged Stone Age settlement Atlit-Yam, located off Israel's Carmel coast, display systematic disturbances within the water column not related to sea-floor cavitation, vegetation, fish shoals, gas or salinity/temperature differences, where flint debitage from the Stone Age site had been verified archaeologically. A preliminary series of controlled experiments, using identical acquisition parameters, strongly indicate that human-knapped flint debitage lying on the sea floor, or embedded within its sediments, produces similar significant responses in the water column. Flint pieces cracked naturally by thermal or geological processes appear not to do so. Laboratory experiments, finite element modelling and controlled experiments conducted in open water on the response to broad-spectrum acoustic signals point to an excited resonance response within humanknapped flint even for sediment embedded debitage, with acoustic signals within the 2-20 kHz interval. The disturbances observed in the water column on the seismic profiles recorded at Atlit-Yam are, therefore, based on these results, interpreted as resonance from human-knapped flint debitage covered by up to 1.5 m of sand. Such a principle, if substantiated by further research, should facilitate efficient and precise mapping of submerged Stone Age sites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting human-knapped flint with marine high-resolution reflection seismics: A preliminary study of new possibilities for subsea mapping of submerged Stone Age sites

Grøn¹,

Boldreel²,

Hermand³

et al. 2018

uw tech: int j soc uw tech

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“…SSS Starfish banyak digunakan untuk penelitian geofisika kelautan karena dapat memetakan dasar laut, mendeteksi dan mencari jalur kabel, pipa laut, kapal karam dan objek-objek bawah air lainnya. Menurut Gron et al (2015), metodologi akustik bawah air sangat bagus dalam menggambarkan struktur kapal karam dan memetakan morfologi dasar laut pada lingkungan situs.…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

Identifikasi Situs Arkeologi Bawah Air Tinggalan Perang Dunia Ii Di Perairan Teluk Ambon

Gemilang¹,

Ridwan²,

Wisha³

2019

KPT

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Abstract. City of Ambon holds the evidence of colonialism as part of World War II history. Various maritime cultural activities contain historical data that can reconstruct the history of Indonesia. One example is Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) shipwreck, located in Ambon Bay, that is well-known by local and international divers. However, underwater cultural heritage has not optimally managed, even suffers from thievery. Since underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay is significant to support national and international interests, this study aims to identify and record underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay by using Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and direct observation through diving survey. This preliminary study was conducted as the first stage of underwater cultural heritage preservation effort. The result shows findings of archaeological remains of shipwrecks and aircrafts. Some parts were incomplete, covered by coral ecosystem, and become fish habitat. High level of sedimentation has a role in disrupting the recent condition as most of the wreckages are now covered by sediment materials. Thus, preservation and protection efforts are necessary to be well-managed by central and local governments. Keywords: Underwater archaeology, World War II, Ambon Bay, Side Scan Sonar Abstrak. Kota Ambon mempunyai sejarah dalam Perang Dunia II yang menyimpan bukti-bukti sejarah kolonialisme. Berbagai aktivitas budaya maritim telah meninggalkan data yang melimpah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah bangsa ini. Di Perairan Teluk Ambon terdapat situs kapal kargo Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) yang sangat dikenal oleh penyelam lokal maupun mancanegara. Permasalahan pada sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Mengingat bahwa peninggalan arkeologi bawah air di Indonesia khususnya perairan Ambon tidak hanya memiliki signifikansi nasional, tapi juga regional bahkan internasional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan inventarisasi tinggalan budaya arkeologi bawah laut Ambon menggunakan Side Scan Sonar (SSS) serta pengamatan secara langsung (penyelaman). Kegiatan ini sebagai upaya awal perlindungan terhadap tinggalan tersebut. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan beberapa temuan tinggalan arkeologi bawah laut berupa kapal tenggelam SS Aquila, SS Victoria serta situs pesawat. Beberapa bagian situs telihat sudah tidak utuh dan tertutupi oleh ekosistem karang dan dihuni oleh ikan-ikan. Tingginya tingkat sedimentasi berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan situs tersebut, sehingga beberapa bagian situs tertimbun material sedimen. Upaya penyelamatan dan perlindungan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut baik oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Kata kunci: Arkeologi Bawah Air, Perang Dunia II, Teluk Ambon, Side Scan Sonar

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“…It is now possible not only to detect and identify shipwrecks remotely, but also to analyze and quantify geomorphic change at underwater sites through repeat high‐resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetric surveys (Astley, 2016; Bates et al, 2011; Brennan et al, 2016; Quinn & Boland, 2010; Stieglitz & Waterson, 2013). Moreover, buried parts of shipwrecks and subseabed records of site formation processes can be imaged using shallow seismic techniques (Cvikel et al, 2017; Geraga et al, 2020; Grøn et al, 2015; Plets et al, 2009; Quinn et al, 1997). The use of a combination of these methods allows for a holistic characterization of sites and assessment of their evolution in a time‐efficient, noninvasive way (Astley, 2016; Bethencourt et al, 2018; Geraga et al, 2020; Quinn et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability in geomorphic change at tidally influenced shipwreck sites: The use of time‐lapse multibeam data for the assessment of site formation processes

et al. 2021

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Shipwrecks are an integral part of our maritime archaeological landscape and are associated with diverse societal and cultural interests, yielding significant management challenges. Coupled hydrodynamic and geomorphological processes significantly impact the effective in situ preservation of these fragile sites. In this study, we assess sediment budget change and hydrodynamic triggers at metal‐hulled shipwrecks lost between 1875 and 1918, all located in the tidally dominated Irish Sea at depths between 26 and 84 m. This is conducted using time‐lapse, multibeam echosounder surveys at multiannual, annual, and weekly time steps, supported by sediment grain‐size analysis, modeled ocean currents, and shallow seismic data. Results indicate significant changes at all time steps for sites located in sand‐dominated environments, whereas the seabed around shipwrecks settled in multimodal sediments shows virtually no change outside of measurement errors (±30 cm). Variability in geomorphic change is attributed to local environmental factors, including bed shear stress, sediment supply, and spatial barriers to scour. We demonstrate that individual wrecks in similar shelf sea regions can be in very different equilibrium states, which has critical implications for the in situ management of underwater cultural heritage.

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Detection and mapping of shipwrecks embedded in sea-floor sediments

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Detecting human-knapped flint with marine high-resolution reflection seismics: A preliminary study of new possibilities for subsea mapping of submerged Stone Age sites

Detecting human-knapped flint with marine high-resolution reflection seismics: A preliminary study of new possibilities for subsea mapping of submerged Stone Age sites

Identifikasi Situs Arkeologi Bawah Air Tinggalan Perang Dunia Ii Di Perairan Teluk Ambon

Spatial and temporal variability in geomorphic change at tidally influenced shipwreck sites: The use of time‐lapse multibeam data for the assessment of site formation processes

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