Detection and mapping of illicit drugs and their metabolites in fingermarks by MALDI MS and compatibility with forensic techniques

Groeneveld, Gino; Puit, Marcel de; Bleay, Stephen M.; Bradshaw, Robert; Francese, Simona

doi:10.1038/srep11716

Cited by 82 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fingermarks spiked with dimethylbenzylammonium ion (DMA) were prepared using a contacttransfer methodology as previously reported 4 ; briefly, a total of 100 µL of a 10 µg/mL MeOH solution of the compound was deposited onto glass slides. The solvent was allowed to evaporate and either a natural or ungroomed fingertip was rubbed across the entirety of the surface in order to ensure equal distribution of the exogenous species on the fingertip, before depositing a fingermark onto an aluminium slide.…”

Section: Latent Fingermark Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, protocols were developed to make MALDI-MS based methods compatible with the prior application of many fingermark enhancement techniques (FET) [2][3][4] . These methods have been directly trialled on crime scene evidence (stains and marks) in collaboration with WYP and some of the results have been published in peer-reviewed journals 3,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of operational protocols for the analysis of primary and secondary fingermark lifts by MALDI-MS imaging

2016

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Eight years of intensive research have demonstrated that Matrix-Assisted LaserDesorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Profiling and Imaging (MALDI-MSI and MSP) are powerful tools to gather intelligence around a suspect lifestyle, directly from the identifying ridges of a latent fingermark. In the past three years, many efforts have been invested into translating laboratory methodologies to the field; this was undertaken by devising protocols either for (a) enabling initial fingermark visualisation, such as through the Dry-Wet method, recovery and subsequent MALDI MS based analysis, or for (b) rendering the MS methodologies compatible with the prior application of commonly employed fingermark enhancement techniques (FET). In the present work a major point of interest concerned the sample treatment of FET visualised-lifted fingermarks and the subsequent MS performance of primary tape lifted fingermarks ("primary lifts") versus secondary tape lifted fingermarks (recovery from the surface a second time following the initial primary lift). This was necessary since it may not always be possible to obtain primary lifts of marks visualised at crime scenes for remote MALDI-MSP and MSI. The work illustrated here has provided methodological insights into establishing how to best treat a few types of developed marks in preparation for MALDI-MSI when presented as both secondary and primary lifts; it was demonstrated, as expected, that primary lifts generally yield much higher quality chemical/physical information and are therefore crucial to maximise chances of suspect identification and of retrieval of chemical intelligence. When analysing secondary lifted marks that have been initially developed using aluminium or carbon powders, any of the trialled sample preparation methodologies can be employed except the Dry-Wet method. In the case of TiO 2 powder developed marks, the best ridge coverage was achieved by re-enhancing the mark using the initial powder and spray-coating with MALDI matrix. Primary lifts of fingermarks contaminated with an exogenous substance (used as a reference model) yielded the best ridge detail quality whilst for secondary lifts of natural marks pre-enhanced with aluminium powder, significantly greater intensity of the ion image was observed for the sections subjected to either no further enhancement or re-enhancement using aluminium powder.Keywords: Fingermarks; MALDI; Imaging; powders; lifts IntroductionWhile successful academic research is paramount for scientific progress, it is its translational feasibility that enables the impact of this research in the real world. With this view in mind, these authors are actively pursuing the development of protocols enabling MALDI-MS based technologies, with particular focus on the imaging modality, to be implemented into the current fingerprinting workflow.The pioneering development of MALDI-MS methodologies in fingermark analysis has a short but strong track record history of success, demonstrating the opportunity to retrieve additional devising an ...

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Section: Latent Fingermark Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of operational protocols for the analysis of primary and secondary fingermark lifts by MALDI-MS imaging

2016

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“…The field of fingerprint chemical analysis is also a rapidly growing research area, starting from a recent paradigm shift in the forensic community for using fingerprints for more than just their ridge detail [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It has been previously shown that the chemical composition relates to the age of a latent fingerprint [28], the sex of the donor [24], their drug habits or medical history [17][18][19][20], the way they interact with development reagents [21] and might even be used to confirm their identity using their amino acid profile [29] or to verify their location on questioned documents [23]. This may be useful when a fingerprint is smudged or details of the donor are not contained within the fingerprint database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be useful when a fingerprint is smudged or details of the donor are not contained within the fingerprint database. Many techniques have been proposed for these applications, including spectroscopic techniques [30], which lack the selectivity of mass spectrometry methods; chromatography based approaches [22,29] which require considerable sample preparation and consume at least an entire fingerprint; and vacuum based methods [20][21][22][23][24][25], which have lower sample throughput and have been shown to degrade fingerprint chemistry [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of urine, oral fluid and fingerprints by liquid extraction surface analysis coupled to high resolution MS and MS/MS – opportunities for forensic and biomedical science

et al. 2016

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Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis (LESA) is a new, high throughput tool for ambient mass spectrometry. A solvent droplet is deposited from a pipette tip onto a surface and maintains contact with both the surface and the pipette tip for a few seconds before being re-aspirated. The technique is particularly suited to the analysis of trace materials on surfaces due to its high sensitivity and low volume of sample removal. In this work, we assess the suitability of LESA for obtaining detailed chemical profiles of fingerprints, oral fluid and urine, which may be used in future for rapid medical diagnostics or metabolomics studies. We further show how LESA can be used to detect illicit drugs and their metabolites in urine, oral fluid and fingerprints. This makes LESA a potentially useful tool in the growing field of fingerprint chemical analysis, which is relevant not only to forensics but also to medical diagnostics. Finally, we show how LESA can be used to detect the explosive material RDX in contaminated artificial fingermarks.

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“…According to Veselago's theory, molecules with SRRs configurations such as extended metal atom chains (EMACs), have led a fresh direction of physical and chemical research. Recently many fabulous works in different fields come forth, such as invisible cloaking, [38][39][40][41][42][43] liquid crystal magnetic control, 44 anapole moment, 45 detection of latent fingermarks, [46][47][48] etc. Inspired by these ideas, negative refraction plays more and more important role in forensic science field since it is a non-damaged optical method to test materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permittivity and permeability of pentagon configuration molecules with different symmetry breaking and their applications

Shen¹,

Chen²

2017

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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Some kinds of psychoactive drugs have the structures which are called split-ring resonators (SRRs). SRRs might result in negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously in electromagnetic field. Simultaneous negative indexes can lead to the famous phenomenon of negative refraction. This optical property makes it possible to distinguish synthetic cannabinoids from other abusive psychoactive drugs in the UV-vis region. This optical method is non-damaged and superior in forensic science. In this paper, we use tight-binding model calculating the permittivity and permeability of the main ingredients of synthetic cannabinoids. At the same time, we give two more results of zolpidem and caffeine. Further we discuss the negative refraction of the category of zepam qualitatively.In 1968, Veselago originally introduced the concept of negative index material (NIM) which exhibit unusual optical property. 1 For this kind of material, the permittivity and permeability can be negative simultaneously in electromagnetic field, which might bring about the phenomenon of negative refraction. Pendry et al.2-6 developed Veselago's theory, their research pointed out that the configuration of split-ring resonators (SRRs) 3 which had non-trivial symmetry breaking 7 is an effective way to realize negative refraction. Negative refraction has became more and more popular these decades, new researches and applications come to practice. For instance, the perfect lenses which are made by NIM can focus all Fourier components of image, both their propagating and evanescent waves are amplified, the quality of image and the detection sensitivity are improved. [8][9][10][11][12] After the theoretical derivation, Shelby et al. 13 gave the experimental realization two years later. According to Veselago's theory, molecules with SRRs configurations such as extended metal atom chains (EMACs), have led a fresh direction of physical and chemical research. 14-37 Recently many fabulous works in different fields come forth, such as invisible cloaking, 38-43 liquid crystal magnetic control, 44 anapole moment, 45 detection of latent fingermarks, 46-48 etc. Inspired by these ideas, negative refraction plays more and more important role in forensic science field since it is a non-damaged optical method to test materials. More importantly, a small categories of molecules could show negative respondence to eletromagnetic fields. 49 Utilizing this property, these categories of molecules can be distinguished from others. This is significant to differentiate psychoactive drugs in forensic science. As a matter of fact, according to the theoretical derivation and calculation, we point out that the main ingredients of synthetic cannabinoids, the category of zepam, zolpidem and caffeine show various degree of negative refraction while other psychoactive drugs can not. We discuss the result of synthetic cannabinoids, zolpidem and caffeine quantitatively and the category of zepam qualitatively. This paper is organized as following: In section II, we previousl...

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Detection and mapping of illicit drugs and their metabolites in fingermarks by MALDI MS and compatibility with forensic techniques

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Development of operational protocols for the analysis of primary and secondary fingermark lifts by MALDI-MS imaging

Development of operational protocols for the analysis of primary and secondary fingermark lifts by MALDI-MS imaging

Analysis of urine, oral fluid and fingerprints by liquid extraction surface analysis coupled to high resolution MS and MS/MS – opportunities for forensic and biomedical science

Permittivity and permeability of pentagon configuration molecules with different symmetry breaking and their applications

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