Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage

Blackford, Jerry; Ståhl, Henrik; Bull, Jonathan M.; Bergès, Benoît; Cevatoglu, Melis; Lichtschlag, Anna; Connelly, Douglas P.; James, Rachael H.; Kita, Jun; Long, David S.; Naylor, Mark; Shitashima, Kiminori; Smith, Dave; Taylor, Peter M.; Wright, I. C.; Akhurst, Maxine; Chen, Baixin; Gernon, Thomas M.; Hauton, Chris; Hayashi, Masatoshi; Kaieda, Hideshi; Leighton, Timothy G.; Sato, Toru; Sayer, Martin; Suzumura, Masahiro; Tait, Karen; Vardy, Mark E.; White, P.R.; Widdicombe, Steve

doi:10.1038/nclimate2381

Cited by 171 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, accidental CO 2 leakage from storage sites in sub-seabed formation has not been reported. Controlled CO 2 leaks have been experimentally applied to simulate the behavior of CO 2 plumes under escape events (Blackford et al, 2014;Blackford and Kita, 2013;Denchik et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2014). The shallow CO 2 injection experiment (1.67 t of CO 2 , 6 days duration) conducted at Svelvik (Norway) through a well at 20 m depth below the ground water (300-400 m seawater depth), demonstrated a complex CO 2 plume migration path, with gas escaping outside the monitoring area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the threat of marine CO2 leakage-associated acidification on the toxicity of sediment metals to juvenile bivalves

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abandoned wells, geological discontinuities or operational accidents have been described as such mechanisms that facilitate leakage (Blackford et al, 2014). The release of CO 2 through the sediments to the water column will cause a reduction of the pH value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the threat of marine CO2 leakage-associated acidification on the toxicity of sediment metals to juvenile bivalves

et al. 2015

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“…Integrated pilot plants need to be built (storing ~1 Mt CO 2 per year) to examine how combined BECCS functions 90 ; the capital cost of 5-10 full-size demonstrations of BECCS or CCS would require the investment of approximately US$5-10 billion 90 . There is also a need to develop socio-economic governance systems for all NETs, to provide incentives to fund this research and development, and implementation of infrastructure in the most sustainable manner, to limit adverse impacts in the transition to low-carbon energy systems, and to manage the risks associated with CCS (such as leakage, seismic action and environmental impacts) 91 . Priorities include investing in renewable and low-carbon technologies, efficiency and the integration of energy systems (to make the most of waste heat, excess electrons from photovoltaic panels and wind, and to close the carbon cycle of fossil sources by capturing and reusing CO 2 by catalysis), and the realization of additional environmental benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions

et al. 2015

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NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 1 D espite two decades of effort to curb emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in the 1990s 1 , and by 2010 had reached ~50 Gt CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 eq) yr −1 (refs 2,3). The continuing rise in emissions is a growing challenge for meeting the international goal of limiting warming to less than 2 °C relative to the pre-industrial era, particularly without stringent climate policies to decrease emissions in the near future 2-4 . As negative emissions technologies (NETs) seem ever more necessary 3,[5][6][7][8][9][10] To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 °C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals.options, to be able to decide which pathways are most desirable for dealing with climate change.There are distinct classes of NETs, such as: (1) bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) 11,12 ; (2) direct air capture of CO 2 from ambient air by engineered chemical reactions (DAC) 13,14 ; (3) enhanced weathering of minerals (EW) 15 , where natural weathering to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere is accelerated and the products stored in soils, or buried in land or deep ocean [16][17][18][19] ; (4) afforestation and reforestation (AR) to fix atmospheric carbon in biomass and soils [20][21][22] ; (5) manipulation of carbon uptake by the ocean, either

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“…Such quantification of marine gas reserves should also take into account that which could potentially dissociate from hydrate. Thirdly, for monitoring leakages into sediment from buried manmade gas bodies, including buried gas pipelines and carbon capture and storage facilities [4,[8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling acoustic scattering, sound speed, and attenuation in gassy soft marine sediments

Mantouka

Doğan

White

et al. 2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A model for nonlinear gas bubble pulsation in marine sediments is presented. This model is then linearized to determine the resonance frequency and the damping terms for linear radial oscillations. The linear model is then used to predict the effects that such bubble pulsations will have on the sound speed and attenuation of acoustic waves propagating in gassy marine sediment. The results are compared for monodisperse populations against the predictions of a model of Anderson and Hampton and, furthermore, the additional abilities of the new model are discussed. These features include the removal of the sign ambiguities in the expressions, the straightforward implementation for acoustic propagation through polydisperse bubble populations, the capability to estimate bubble size distributions through a full acoustic inversion, and the capability to predict nonlinear effects.

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Detection and impacts of leakage from sub-seafloor deep geological carbon dioxide storage

Cited by 171 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of the threat of marine CO2 leakage-associated acidification on the toxicity of sediment metals to juvenile bivalves

Evaluation of the threat of marine CO2 leakage-associated acidification on the toxicity of sediment metals to juvenile bivalves

Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions

Modelling acoustic scattering, sound speed, and attenuation in gassy soft marine sediments

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