Detection and Imaging of Damages and Defects in Fibre-Reinforced Composites by Resonance Magnetic Technique

Abstract

Defectively manufactured and deliberately damaged composite laminates fabricated with different continuous reinforcing fibres (respectively, carbon and glass) and polymer matrices (respectively, thermoset and thermoplastic) were inspected in magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Two pulse sequences were evaluated during non-destructive examination conducted in saline solution-immersed samples to simulate load-bearing orthopaedic implants permanently in contact with biofluids. The orientation, positioning, shape, and especially the size of translaminar and delamination fractures were determined according to stringent structural assessment criteria. The spatial distribution, shape, and contours of water-filled voids were sufficiently delineated to infer the amount of absorbed water if thinner image slices than this study were used. The surface texture of composite specimens featuring roughness, waviness, indentation, crushing, and scratches was outlined, with fortuitous artefacts not impairing the image quality and interpretation. Low electromagnetic shielding glass fibres delivered the highest, while electrically conductive carbon fibres produced the poorest quality images, particularly when blended with thermoplastic polymer, though reliable image interpretation was still attainable.

Sculpting in Dentistry – Requirements, Methods and Limitations in Aesthetic Dentistry: A Minireview

“…Research has today proven that resin based cements and other tooth colored restorative materials to be as competent if not even superior to most restorative materials used priorly, in not just material aspects, but overall, thus marking esthetics in today's dental restorative sciences a priority [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Esthetic dentistry is a science requiring precession in order to provide the best possible results to a person.…”